Thursday, November 28, 2019
Spanish American War Essay Research Paper The free essay sample
Spanish American War Essay, Research Paper The Spanish and American War The Americans were brought into The Spanish and American War on February 15,1898. The Americans came into this war because a naval boat of ours called the Maine was blown up. On that boat, 327of our crewmans were killed in the detonation. With this detonation, the naval forcess used it by holding a motto, ? Remember the Maine, ? to acquire voluntaries into the naval forces to assist battle. We though that the Spanish were to fault for blowing up our ship. But, truly there was something incorrect with the engine which lead to the large detonation. This was non found till they lifted the ship out of the H2O in 1911. When this happened many newspapers journalist { xanthous news media } took advantage of the detonation and wrote whom they thought did the detonation or who did the people want it to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish American War Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of these newspaper barons was William Randolph Hearst. He took great advantages of the war and stretched the truth to the extreme. He did this merely to sell more newspapers and to do money. Hearst went over in his personal boat and took images in Cuba of hapless and hungering people at that place. He even captured a twosome of the Spanish soldiers and turned them over to the Americans. America fought because we had large money in Cuba. All together we had over a $ 250 million dollars invested there with sugar and other stuffs that we did non what to be destroyed. We besides had $ 100 million dollars invested in the baccy plantations, and $ 50million in transit. Our president at that clip was William McCleain. He did non desire to acquire in this war because he hated war. But when he did he decided to take some other thing that we need besides. These things are the Philippines, Guam, and Portico for navel transitions. On April 11,1898 McCleain gave a address to congress for war, and they approved it. The war looked in large favour for the Spanish because they had an ground forces of 400,000 work forces and we merely had merely 28,000 work forces, but this changed after Congress declared war. The national guard got 1million recruits during the war, this was the highest of all time. In the war there were two generals from the Civil War. These cats are William Shaft who weighed 320 lbs. He had to acquire a particular bath and had to be hoisted up onto his Equus caballus. The other one is Joe Weeles. This adult male was a small unretentive. This was proven when sometimes he would shout to his military personnels allow? s go acquire those Northerners. There is one more really celebrated leader in this war. This adult male was the leader of the roughriders and became one of are p occupants, this adult male is Teddy Roosevelt. Teddy was the first member of his household to be in a war, because his pa paid person else so he didn? Ts have to contend in the Civil War. He did this because he thought it was disrespectful to his married woman that was a strong protagonist of the South. America had a job acquiring people to fall in the ground forces because more work forces died of diseases so died from slugs. There was besides another disadvantage, this was that our work forces weren? T trained to contend in the jungle. We besides had another job we merely had normal one shooting guns, but the Spanish had auto-mastics and could fire and kill many work forces before reloading. We were besides stupid during the war particularly in one battle that was both a triumph and a licking. This is because we we lost 17,000 work forces, but still won the battle. This conflict was a slow up hill March to a garrison. This conflict, which is refereed to as a decease March. Another large triumph was won by are navy. This triumph was when our navy destroyed all the Spanish ships that were seeking to get away. In that conflict we killed 400 of their crewmans and captured 1700 others. Yet we merely lost one work forces in this conflict. On July 17,1898 we marched in to the their capital and nil stop us from taking it over, but we had lost over 25 % of are work forces to malaria and yellowfever. At 12:00 on that twenty-four hours you could hear Stars and Stripes everlastingly playing with a 21-gun salutation. After we had freed Cuba and took it over ourselves from the Spanish we went to take the remainder of Spans land. The first one we went for was Portico on July 28,1898. We took that over with no opposition from anyone, but jubilation from everyone. The following 1 we went for was Guam. We besides took that over easy to. Before we went to the Philippians we stop at Hawaii and over throw the queen that had ruled it and took it over ourselves. When we got to the Philippians we meet a long conflict which took 4 old ages to complete. We won, but many people were ashamed because we had killed so many of their people. One individual said we should alter are flag to the 1 of a plagiarist { a skull and two castanetss that cross } . After 20 old ages the veteran roughriders came back to see what they had done and to apologias to the people. What we had done in this war is called Magnetite Destiny. This means to see future and to go bigger for power. After many old ages we concluding allow the islands become free or provinces if they wish to w did this because it was non right for a state that believes in freedom does non allow other states do the same.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Free Essays on Cleveland Plan
The city of Cleveland has plans to make a couple changes on the city. There has been talk of a new budget coming in and with the budget theyââ¬â¢re planning to add things that the community would need such as a bank, a newspaper, and other industries. More and more people are slowly moving into the city of Cleveland and with this in mind there is going to have to be a better transportation system to reroute goods and people throughout the city. Also a college is planning to be built by the end of the presidency. It is planned to be one of the finest colleges in the North. It will specialize in medicine and medical advancement. With the population in Cleveland continues to rapidly grow the city is in need a better way of transportation. The city currently has a good way of transporting goods for one city to the next but the time in very slow. This is causing a lot of problems and annoyances. The average transport time for a package is about seven to ten days. They community officials and government officials are planning to add a steamship empire. This is slowly rising to become the greatest thing that Ohio and the north have ever witnessed. It will lessen the transfer time and improve the rate of exchange or the country. The ports are being constructed and the boats are being moved in. the estimated time for completion is heard to be around the end of the presidency, around 1844 or later. The estimated cost for this is around $20 million dollars. This will make the biggest revolution in Cleveland and Ohioââ¬â¢s time. The Plain Dealer has been released now and has been successful. So the paper has been in circulation for the past few months and there has been great success. The estimated is to be about 5,000 to 6,500 people reading this paper every week. Even though Cleveland is a Republican area the paper is read a lot in the town. The paper is said to give democratic views to a republican community. This has been the first major pape... Free Essays on Cleveland Plan Free Essays on Cleveland Plan The city of Cleveland has plans to make a couple changes on the city. There has been talk of a new budget coming in and with the budget theyââ¬â¢re planning to add things that the community would need such as a bank, a newspaper, and other industries. More and more people are slowly moving into the city of Cleveland and with this in mind there is going to have to be a better transportation system to reroute goods and people throughout the city. Also a college is planning to be built by the end of the presidency. It is planned to be one of the finest colleges in the North. It will specialize in medicine and medical advancement. With the population in Cleveland continues to rapidly grow the city is in need a better way of transportation. The city currently has a good way of transporting goods for one city to the next but the time in very slow. This is causing a lot of problems and annoyances. The average transport time for a package is about seven to ten days. They community officials and government officials are planning to add a steamship empire. This is slowly rising to become the greatest thing that Ohio and the north have ever witnessed. It will lessen the transfer time and improve the rate of exchange or the country. The ports are being constructed and the boats are being moved in. the estimated time for completion is heard to be around the end of the presidency, around 1844 or later. The estimated cost for this is around $20 million dollars. This will make the biggest revolution in Cleveland and Ohioââ¬â¢s time. The Plain Dealer has been released now and has been successful. So the paper has been in circulation for the past few months and there has been great success. The estimated is to be about 5,000 to 6,500 people reading this paper every week. Even though Cleveland is a Republican area the paper is read a lot in the town. The paper is said to give democratic views to a republican community. This has been the first major pape...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Disagree that the underrepresentation of women in science and Research Paper
Disagree that the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering is the result of innate differences in aptitude and interests - Research Paper Example The explanations given have had implications on public policies. Additionally the conclusions made on such issues are likely to affect education, roles of males and females in the society, as well as the attitude of people towards education. This essay will argue that the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering is not the result of innate differences in aptitude and interests but due to other factors. Over the last half century, women have made tremendous progress in educational achievements. They have been able to venture in fields that were historically considered as male fields, which include law, business, and medicine. However, the number of women who have ventured in the fields of science and engineering remains low. This has led to several speculations regarding the reasons for sex differences in the aforementioned careers (Laursen and Bill 18-22). Some speculations are biased since they attempt to argue that males have certain talents and temperaments that enable them to succeed in science and engineering while women lack such talents. Another position used to explain the underrepresentation is the nurture position, which is based on the argument that males and females are biologically similar and the sex related difference, arise due to socialization and biasness. Other positions are intermediate and use both biological and socialization as well as biasness arguments to explain the sex differences in the fields of science and engineering (Trefil and Sarah 49-52; Bix 27-33) Several factors can be attributed to the underrepresentation of women in science and engineering careers. One of the major factors is the level of commitment required in the two fields. Pursuing courses in science and engineering and working in the related field requires a lot of commitment in terms of time and energy. Women especially
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
How Can Sports Help Kids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
How Can Sports Help Kids - Research Paper Example Not all sporting activities are beneficial to children, only organized sporting activities. Organized sporting activities help children feel satisfied and have a sense of achievement. It builds a spirit of teamwork and leadership in the children. Parents should not restrict their children from engaging in physical activities if they want their children to be exemplary leaders. However, sporting activities have been declining in the past years because of technological advancements with boys being the most affected (Active community guide, 2002). Children have just played computer and video games instead of physical activities. Girls are the greatest benefits of sporting activities as they take sports more seriously than boys. Warren Clark, 2008. Canadian Social Trends: Kidsââ¬â¢ sports, Statistics Canada. Sports permit kids to develop teamwork, competition, leadership and communication skills. These aspects are particularly relevant in growing children. We need to instill these in all children and prepare them as future leaders. Sports also assist in the improvement of the health of children and reduce future health-related problems. In terms of health, it helps build healthy bones in children and enhances fitness. Games also endorse good posture and reinforce the heart. The kids involved in sports are more relaxed than their lazy partners, and this in general boosts proper growth and maturity. I think both the family and the instructors participate significantly in the development of kids through sports. As we all know, children learn through play it helps them learn about the societal context. As children involve themselves in sports and various games, they learn how to solve problems and help themselves. Their mind is developed, and they understand more easily on what they are being taught. Active community guide, 2002. Active kids, NSW Department of Sport and Recreation Sports help the children expand their physical skills which are learned as they find o ut how to climb and handle their toys. Parents should ensure that they have spent considerable time with their children so that the children will feel motivated. They need to be offering emotional support and rewarding them even when they fail. This will motivate them as they build skills. A parent should also not force their child to involve in a sport that they do not like. They should be allowed to make their own decisions at an early age. Sports as well help children enhance cognitive aspects such as solving problems and also improve their attention duration (Pivarnik and Pfeiffer, 2002). This not only helps the kid but also benefits the community as a whole. They gain the ability to do their homework without a lot of help and do their own things like finding socks, bathing themselves and making their beds. Through sporting activities, children learn imperative language skills. As a child plays with other children, the interaction allows them to develop their language in terms o f speaking and writing. Some games such as debates and telling jokes are an unusually vital way of improving language skills. Luepker, R.V. 1999. How physically active are American children and what can we do about it? Int. J. Obes. 23 (Suppl. 2): S12-S17. Children nowadays are becoming overweight because they just sit in front of televisions and computer instead of participating in active games (Luepker, 1999).
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Implementation of strategy power politcal Essay
Implementation of strategy power politcal - Essay Example Corporate politics in one time or the other has been considered to lead to divisiveness, which is considered as bad for the organization. However, there are times when corporate politics needs to be rejuvenated for the sole purpose of enhancing changes. These changes are mainly incorporated in the process where the organization is rising from a stable phase to a phase where the fundamental changes are crucial. Strategy implementation on the other hand involves change management. This therefore installs corporate politics with a definite role to take part in strategy implementation. In case of creating political harmony or political tension it is advisable that strategists identify the particular moment where politics can be used to get the wheels of various operations rolling and at the same time know the moment of shunning politics and embrace harmony (Kozami 362). Argument for In an organization, power is said to be derived from five different sources namely; legitimate power, rewa rd power, expert power, referent power, and coercive power. Reward power is attributed to the ability attributed to managers to appreciate positive results by rewarding them. Legitimate power is attributed to the ability of managers to use their status to affect an outcome. Referent on its case is attributed to the ability of managers to form a preference among working subordinates, which arises from ones personality. Expert power is attributed to the expertise the manager has and is identified by others while coercive power is deals mainly with the penalization act undertaken by the manager after a negative outcome has taken place. According to Kozami, strategists mainly use these powers to affect and influence the outcome behaviors of different organization members. Politics dwells mainly on how power is used and the relationship created by various management coalitions of consensus building for organizational purposes. Manifestation of corporate politics is vibrant due to the con ditions created by the nature of an organization (Kozami 362). According to Smith in America, policymaking does not cease to exist once the bills become law. Instead, it continues as various executive agencies have the mandate to establish systems and rules of implementing these laws. These actions in return have a huge impact on the profit margins, strategic planning, and overall management of various industries and corporations. A good example is in the case of the Federal Communications Commission when it decides on which of the broadcasting stations are to be offered licenses (Smith 203). In the business environment, Bridge et al suggests that the strategic decision makers are supposed to embrace the competitive aspect of the industry they operate in. This is because the industrial structure mainly affects the competition in the industry as it offers strategic choices for corporations (Bridge et al 308). Human factor is one of the crucial factors that are considered in strategic management. Leadership in this case is considered at a strategic judgment perspective. One of the attribute that define strategic management is strategic choice. This therefore indicates that any executive judgment despite of it being good or bad is supposed to be made before strategic choices are made. It is
Friday, November 15, 2019
Domestic Violence and A Mandatory Arrest
Domestic Violence and A Mandatory Arrest Domestic violence is a serious problem in todays society. According to FBI statistics, about 4 million incidents of domestic violence occur throughout each year in the United States. The FBI states, In the United States of America, a man beats a woman every 12 seconds (Mordini, 2004). Mordini, an associate at the Davis Brown Law Firm, conducted a study that found approximately 3.3 million children witness acts of domestic violence each year and that 70% of men who beat their wives also abuse their children. Domestic violence costs American businesses $4 billion dollars each year in the low productivity, staff turnover, absenteeism, and excessive use of medical benefits (Mordini, 2004). During the early 1970s and 1980s, research and studies on domestic violence drew national attention to the issue. Since the middle of the 1980s, recognition of domestic violence has resulted in the problem of shifting from a minor public concern to a major policy issue. Since 1994 alone, the number of new laws enacted across the country that deal with domestic violence is well over 1,500 and the number of bills introduced during this same time is estimated to be around 10 to 20,000 (Miller 2005). In order for mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence to be put into action there were serious debates occurring on how police officers can make an arrest if they have probable cause that domestic violence has in fact occurred. During the mid to late 1980s, a number of states adopted such laws as an effort to combat domestic violence and to control police behavior. However, there is no clear consensus among politicians, law enforcement officials and researchers on the effects that mandatory arrest policies have for victims of domestic violence (Miller, 2005). Thus, the verdict remains unclear on whether these laws provide the intended protection and relief to victims they were designed to, or whether they are the cause of unintended consequences such as increased violence. The domestic violence law slowly evolved throughout the years. Under early common law, women were seen as the property of their fathers or their husbands, and they consequently lacked any kind of identity of their own. This principle was embodied by common law because, when a man and a woman marry, they were seen as a legal entity. A husband had inter-spousal immunity from torts from his wife, but he would be held responsible for torts of his wife, prior to and after marriage (Mordini, 2004). Due to this principle, a husband is able to discipline his wife if she misbehaved. This introduces the Rule of Thumb concept. This concept encouraged violence against women and came from a time that allowed a man to beat his wife as long as he didnt use a stick that was thicker than his thumb (Rizer III, 2005). This concept regulated the use of violence and allowed acceptance within society. Under the 1974 North Carolina court ruling, the law provides that, absent a showing of permanent injury or malice, the preferred treatment of domestic violence cases was to draw a curtain, shut out the public gaze, and leave the parties to forgive and forget (Mordini, 2004). The beating of a wife became a big social issue and it took awhile for the court to deem it unlawful. In 1920, violence against women finally became illegal in all fifty states, including the District of Columbia. However, the legal prohibition of domestic violence still did not protect domestic violence victims because the predominant opinion was that the law should stay out of the private matters of the home (Mordini 2004). Finally, until the 1960s and 1970s, did women start taking a stand and domestic violence womens shelters were created. Another development over history was the Battered Women Movement. Rather than taking on an overwhelmingly political front, shelters looked at the psychological aspects of battery. Instead of having marches and protests on the streets, coordinators and volunteers at these shelters worked individually with each victim and gave the movement a very personal and individual voice. Hotlines and crisis centers were created for victims. The motto of this movement was we will not be beaten. This movement led to more victims speaking out about how they are being abused behind closed doors by their husbands. Some believe that the Battered Womens Movement is often overlooked because of the perceived lack of impact it had during the second wave of feminism. Because there were no dramatic rallies or events to draw large-scale attention to the movement, people have often disregarded it as nothing more than moderately influential. However, what they dont realize is that it had a different type of power that didnt draw too much of attention as how other feminist acts did (Lutz, 2004). Police response to domestic violence became an issue when efforts were criticized for putting too much attention on victims and not on legal remedies. These complaints were mostly about the inadequate police response to domestic violence calls, and the failure of the criminal justice system to treat these incidents as crimes. In the criminal justice system, police officers are considered to be mediators and peacemakers within the community when it comes to enforcing the law on domestic violence. Research was done and found that police officers followed what is known as the stitch rules. These rules justified a wife who claims to be abused by her spouse must acquire a number of surgical stitches before an arrest could be made. Another research found that the police response time was slightly longer when it came to responding to domestic disputes. The average response time was 4.65 minutes compared to 3.86 minutes for non-domestic disturbance calls (Mordini, 2004). However, in the mid 1980s there was a great shift in expanded change within the legal approach to consider domestic violence as a criminal act. The expansion of law enforcement to make warrant less arrests assisted the introduction of domestic violence as a criminal act. This new change demolished the common law and changed the views of law enforcement. Instead of following the common law approach, law enforcement based their arrests on discretion and probable cause. However, some police officers still believed that their role was to mediate the issue and not use probable cause in certain cases involving domestic violence. In 1984 an experiment called the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment (MDVE) was conducted by two individuals, Sherman and Berk. These two individuals were the first to study mandatory arrest. The reason for this study was to address and figure out how police should respond to misdemeanor cases of domestic violence. In this study, they found that arrest reduces and deters future violence acts from occurring (Sherman and Berk, 1984). With the continued reluctance of police officers willing to respond properly to domestic disturbance calls, new issues arose. The case of Tracy Thurman vs. City of Torrington made an impact on law enforcement response time and grabbed the attention of the criminal justice system. In this case, Tracy Thurman, a domestic violence victim, was repeatedly assaulted by her estranged spouse. In June of 1983, she was stabbed and left permanently disabled. The problem that occurred with this case was that police officers knew her husband as a counter worker at the community diner. Knowing about previous calls to the police and his one prior arrest which led Mrs. Thurman to put a restraining order on her husband, the police overlooked the situation. The outcome of this case led the city of Torrington to pay Tracy Thurman $2.3 million and the court ruled that, If officials have notice of the possibility of attacks on women in domestic relationships or other persons, they are under an affirmative duty to take reasonable measures to protect personal safety of such persons in the community. Failure to perform this duty would constitute a denial of equal protection of the laws (Miller, 2004). This case, as well as other cases involving domestic violence victims, played an important role in reminding law enforcement that assault against a partner is considered a crime and that victims have constitutional rights to police protection (Miller, 2004). Mandatory arrest is the mechanism that controls police behavior and helps to clarify the role of the police in domestic violence situations (Rizer III, 2005). Between the years 1984 to 1989, the most support for mandatory policies was generated and arrests increased by 70%. This may not necessarily be a good thing because more arrests means more police time, and it is estimated that it takes around three to four hours of an officers time to process a domestic arrest (Rizer III 2005). The main accomplishment of mandatory arrest is that it protects the victim from immediate violence by separating the batterer and the victim. Mandatory arrest also sends a message to the batterer that his or her behavior is criminal and will not be tolerated by the community. It also sends a message to the victim, who has been assaulted, that domestic violence is a social problem and it is not the victims responsibility to stop it. Even though there are accomplishments of mandatory arrest, there are also concerns. One of the concerns is known as the Blanket Approach. This approach states that mandatory arrest fails to take into account the fact that not all victims are the same and how it affects a victims desire to have their batterer arrested. Victims may not want their batterer arrested because they are either dependent on them, dont want the arrest to occur in front of their children, the arrest might jeopardize their immigration status, or the arrest may put the batterers job at risk. Another concern about mandatory arrest is that it may be too harsh in certain circumstances. This is where the no-drop prosecution policies are introduced. The no-drop prosecution policies occur when a victim drops the charges as part of the cycle of the abuse (Simon, 2007). These policies also allow police reports to be used by prosecutors in court to convict an individual for domestic violence. Mandatory arrest has its positives and negatives. One problem that falls under mandatory arrest is the process of dual arrest. Dual arrest is when both parties allege that the other was the aggressor, leading the police to arrest both parties, including the innocent victim who may have been acting in self-defense (Miller, 2005). A 1988 study was conducted in Los Angeles, California to show significance of the dual arrest policy. In this study, with the use of mandatory arrest policies, three times as many women were arrested compared to less than twice as many men. This study showed that dual arrest has consequences for victims of domestic violence which include, the loss of victim status, transportation to a safe location, issuance of a restraining order, participation in victim assistance programs, loss of employment, and loss of child custody (Miller, 2005). Due to the dual arrest policies, victims may feel that seeking police help or intervention leads to these negative outcomes. In order to deal with this problem of dual arrest, the criminal justice system introduced disproportionate outcomes that address the concern of innocent victims being falsely accused and arrested for domestic violence. States adopted new policies that mandated that officers receive training to develop their abilities in handling domestic complaints effectively and adopted primary aggressors to mandate dual arrests (Rizer III, 2005). However, there is concern that these policies are discriminatory. Some researchers claim that the policies are bias against males and police will usually arrest the male even if there isnt substantial evidence to support the arrest being made. Another problem is that mandatory arrest policies could also provoke the batterer into becoming more violent towards their partner (Iyengar, 2006). Comparing states with the mandatory arrest law show that they have about a 50% higher homicide rate than states without such laws. Radha Iyengar assumes that arrest doesnt deter violence, but it may in some cases cause revenge towards the victim when the batterer is released. As mentioned earlier, the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment was the most influential research conducted on mandatory arrest laws and domestic violence. This study was random and scientifically controlled. The goal of the research was to test the effects of arrest on misdemeanor crimes of domestic violence within different police interventions. The findings of this experiment found that the arrest group maintained the lowest rates of future assaults, threats, and property damage (Sherman and Berk, 1984). Sherman and Berk introduce the specific deterrence doctrine and labeling theory as the literature of how punishment affects behavior. The specific deterrence doctrine claims that legal sanctions suppress crime by making punished persons more sensitive to legal threats in the future and human behavior is considered to be rational when influenced by incentives (Sherman and Berk, 1984). The labeling theory states that punishment makes individuals more likely to commit crime and legal sanctions increase crime by assigning the role or label of criminal to offenders. This primary deviance results in secondary deviance (Sherman and Berk, 1984). The subsequent research and intimate partner homicides were conducted by Radha Iyengar, a professor at the London school of economics. In her study, she wanted to find out if the certainty of arrest actually reduces domestic violence. Iyengar used the FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports, which provide data on all homicides in the United States that took place in the years 1976 to 2003. The results of her analyses showed that although overall homicide rates have been on the decline, states with mandatory arrest policies had a significant increased amount of intimate partner homicides (Iyengar 2006). She further reinforced her findings by looking at a number of covariates for demographics, economic conditions, and social policies such as provisions of divorce laws and welfare assistance, which she found no significant effect (Iyengar 2006). As a result in her findings, Iyengar found that there was conflict with the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment findings. Her study estimates the effect of knowing that arrest is a definite consequence of contacting the police and that the threat of arrest is inadequate in deterring abusers from killing their victims (Iyengar, 2006). In the Rural and Urban Homicide studies, researchers found that the norms of society and tradition govern behavior that lead to violence among certain groups. For instance, family and intimate partner homicides are usually a result of a history of abuse, where other homicides involving strangers are not. In stranger-acquaintance homicides, males are more likely to be the victims and account for over 90% of the perpetrators. In comparison, women are at greater risk of being the victims of intimate-partner homicides and when they are perpetrators in a homicide, they are more likely to kill within a family context (Gallup-Black, 2005). There are differences between rural and urban areas considering the layout of geography, the community dynamics, crime control, and family-intimate partner abuse patterns. The nature of interpersonal relationships may be more or less likely to involve individuals to know one another based on these differences in communities in the different areas. Lack of state in rural communities may exert a chilling effect on those seeking assistance for intimate-partner or family abuse. This problem could lead to an increase in homicide rates (Gallup-Black, 2005). After discussing about domestic violence and mandatory arrest laws, many questions have erupted about this issue. What else should be considered? Gender stereotypes have an importance due to the different definitions of gender and sex. This can propose obstacles for victims who are trying to get protection and also for the criminal justice system that has to deal with these cases. Research has also shown that sex of the perpetrator influences the criminal justice response to domestic violence (Schmesser 2007). This suggests that not only do definitions of domestic violence need to be considered, but also how these laws are carried out in practice, and the social context and biases that may impact their effectiveness and or application. Same-sex relationships are not addressed in statutes, which deny them equal protection under the law. The way states depart from each other is by whether their domestic violence law covers couples who live together, who lived together previously, who are dating or who dated prior and same-sex couples. Future research may aim to look more specifically at the definitions and protections within each state statute because the protection levels provided are not uniform across all fifty states. Another issue that should be considered is race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This is significant because it suggests that the implementation of mandatory arrest policies may have unintended consequences for minority groups. Race is an important variable to consider when looking at the effectiveness of these laws, because race impacts domestic violence. In order to understand this impact, race needs to be understood in context of our societys long history of oppression and subordination of different minority groups, most notable African Americans (Buzawa Buzawa 2003). This may cause these groups to be less likely involved in calling for police assistance if it means an arrest will occur. Socioeconomic status and race are also significant together because studies have found that environmental stress and family pathologies-including poverty, social dislocation, unemployment, and population density. Future research may consider the importance of place, socioeconomic distress fa ctors, and race when looking at the effectiveness of mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence. In conclusion of this policy, the studies and researches conducted to justify the mandatory arrest policy on domestic violence proved that this policy will undergo further debate. This is a strong topic and a difficult issue to have a similar opinion on but with further research and studies, the criminal justice system can come to an agreement on how to handle this policy. Domestic violence is a huge problem within the United States and hopefully the criminal justice system can figure out a policy that can help decrease the amount of cases involving domestic disputes and disturbances. Law enforcement also plays an important role with this policy. Police officers must realize that community policing, as well as traditional policing can lead to the reduction of domestic violence. Each state has its own way of dealing with domestic violence. The state of Hawaii is in the learning process on creating laws to protect victims on domestic violence due to the recent amount of homicide cases involving domestic assaults. As each day passes, there is a new victim to domestic violence. It is up to the government to find a policy that can help victims and their families cope with domestic violence and law enforcement needs to stay involved with the mixture of community and traditional policing.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Essay --
James Joyceââ¬â¢s novel, ââ¬ËA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Manââ¬â¢, is a classic example of a kà ¼ntslerroman, a type of a bildungsroman, a coming-of-age story, which focuses on the maturation of an artist. The theme of Stephen Daedalusââ¬â¢ intellectual development as an artist recurs throughout this narrative by way of the recollection of his memories and the sensory descriptions he is able to provide. The cultivation of Stephenââ¬â¢s art is evidenced by his growing fascination with words and stories, Though Stephenââ¬â¢s artistic prowess and interests do not seem to be confined to just one denomination, evidenced by the way that he creates songs out of conversations, ââ¬Å"Pull out his eyes, / Apologiseâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (2), he seems to appreciate words more than anything else. Evidence of this pattern emerges in the first passage of the novel, when Stephen recalls Simon Daedalus, his father, relating to him the story of a ââ¬Å"moocow that was down along the roadâ⬠and ââ¬Å"a nicens little boy named baby tuckooâ⬠(1). Though the first chapter is characterized by an incompressible pattern of flow, like that of a childââ¬â¢s mind, St...
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Interpreter of Maladies Essay
In ââ¬Å"Interpreter à ¾f Mà °là °dies,â⬠Jhumpà ° Là °hiri uses Minà ° Dà °sââ¬â¢s red clothing à °s à ° wà °y tà ¾ represent à °n unfà °ithful wà ¾mà °n, whà ¾ is disÃ' à ¾nneÃ' ted frà ¾m her rà ¾Ã ¾ts, à °nd hà °s fà °llen à ¾ut à ¾f là ¾ve with life. Her guilt frà ¾m keeping à ° seÃ' ret thà °t à ¾ne à ¾f her Ã' hildren is nà ¾t frà ¾m her husbà °nd, but frà ¾m à °n à °ffà °ir, hà °s Ã' à °used her tà ¾ à °Ã' t in à ° very distà °nt à °nd unÃ' à °ring wà °y. Thrà ¾ugh the fà °milyââ¬â¢s visit tà ¾ the Sun Temple, à °nd the hills à °t Udà °yà °giri à °nd Khà °ndà °giri in Indià °, à °Ã' Ã' à ¾mpà °nied by Mr. Kà °pà °si, à ° Gujà °rà °ti interpreter fà ¾r à ° dà ¾Ã' tà ¾r à °nd pà °rt-time tà ¾ur guide, the à °uthà ¾r pà °ints à ° piÃ' ture à ¾f à ° wà ¾mà °n whà ¾ hà °s grà ¾wn Ã' à ¾ld à °nd disÃ' à ¾nneÃ' ted frà ¾m her feelings. BeÃ' à °use à ¾f the events thà °t hà °ppened à ¾n this trip tà ¾ her nà °tive là °nd, she mà °y hà °ve Ã' à ¾me tà ¾ reà °lize the errà ¾r à ¾f her wà °ys. Mrs. Dà °s, à °n à meriÃ' à °n wà ¾mà °n, is in Indià ° tà ¾ see the Ã' à ¾untry with her fà °mily. Mr. Kà °psi is à ° tà ¾ur guide fà ¾r the fà °mily à °nd is à °lsà ¾ à °n interpreter in à ° dà ¾Ã' tà ¾rââ¬â¢s à ¾ffiÃ' e. They beÃ' à ¾me friends very quiÃ' kly à °nd they bà ¾th think tà ¾ themselves thà °t the friendship Ã' à ¾uld beÃ' à ¾me sà ¾mething mà ¾re. à t the end à ¾f their tà ¾ur, Mrs. Dà °s tells Mr. Kà °pà °si thà °t à ¾ne à ¾f her Ã' hildren dà ¾esnââ¬â¢t belà ¾ng tà ¾ her husbà °nd. The Ã' hild à °Ã' tuà °lly belà ¾ngs tà ¾ à ¾ne à ¾f his gà ¾Ã ¾d friends, à °nd her husbà °nd dà ¾es nà ¾t knà ¾w. She à °sks Mr. Kà °pà °si fà ¾r help beÃ' à °use he hà °s à °n impà ¾rtà °nt jà ¾b à °s à °n interpreter. Mr. Kà °pà °si is surprised in twà ¾ wà °ys. He disÃ' à ¾vers thà °t she isnââ¬â¢t à °t à °ll whà °t he thà ¾ught. Insteà °d, she is, ââ¬Å"à ° wà ¾mà °n nà ¾t y et thirty, whà ¾ là ¾ved neither her husbà °nd nà ¾ her Ã' hildren, whà ¾ hà °d à °lreà °dy fà °llen à ¾ut à ¾f là ¾ve with life.â⬠(Là °hiri, 66) à ¡hildren plà °yed à ° mà °jà ¾r pà °rt in stà ¾ry ââ¬Å"Interpreter à ¾f Mà °là °diesâ⬠. Mrs. Dà °s Ã' à ¾nstà °ntly shà ¾wed irrespà ¾nsibility à °nd negleÃ' tful behà °vià ¾r tà ¾wà °rd her Ã' hildren. In à ¾ne exà °mple, the Ã' à ¾uple quà °rreled à °bà ¾ut whà ¾ wà ¾uld tà °ke their dà °ughter Tinà ° tà ¾ the bà °thrà ¾Ã ¾m. à fter the shà ¾rt breà °k in their trip, Mr. Kà °pà °si là ¾Ã' ked the dà ¾Ã ¾rs tà ¾ mà °ke sure thà °t it wà °s sà °fe tà ¾ get gà ¾ing à °gà °in. ââ¬Å"à s sà ¾Ã ¾n à °s the Ã' à °r begà °n tà ¾ mà ¾ve à °gà °in, the little girl stà °rted plà °ying with the là ¾Ã' k à ¾n her side, Ã' liÃ' king it with sà ¾me effà ¾rt fà ¾rwà °rd à °nd bà °Ã' kwà °rd, but Mrs. Dà °s sà °id nà ¾thing tà ¾ stà ¾p her. She sà °t slà ¾uÃ' hed à °t à ¾ne end à ¾f the bà °Ã' k seà °t, nà ¾t à ¾ffering her puffed riÃ' e tà ¾ à °nyà ¾neâ⬠(257). She wà °s either nà ¾t à °wà °re à ¾f the dà °nger à ¾r she just didnââ¬â¢t Ã' à °re. à s they left à ¾n their wà °y tà ¾ the Sun Temple, the Ã' hildren spà ¾tted mà ¾nkeys à °nd were very exÃ' ited beÃ' à °use they hà °d never seen mà ¾nkeys à ¾utside à ¾f à ° zà ¾Ã ¾. Mr. Dà °s à °sked tà ¾ stà ¾p the Ã' à °r sà ¾ thà °t he Ã' à ¾uld tà °ke à ° piÃ' ture. ââ¬Å"While Mr. Dà °s à °djusted his telephà ¾tà ¾ lens, Mrs. Dà °s reà °Ã' hed intà ¾ her strà °w bà °g à °nd pulled à ¾ut à ° bà ¾ttle à ¾f Ã' à ¾là ¾rless nà °il pà ¾lish, whiÃ' h she preÃ' eded tà ¾ strà ¾ke à ¾n the tip à ¾f her index fingerâ⬠(258). While Mr. Dà °s à °nd the twà ¾ bà ¾ys were fà °sÃ' inà °ted by the sites, she is mà ¾re Ã' à ¾nsumed with herself. It is à °lsà ¾ à °ppà °rent thà °t her unÃ' à °ring behà °vià ¾r is rubbing à ¾ff à ¾n her dà °ughter. à t this sà °me time, the little girl wà °nted tà ¾ get her nà °ils dà ¾ne tà ¾Ã ¾. When Mrs. Dà °s refused, ââ¬Å"the little girl à ¾Ã' Ã' upied her self by buttà ¾ning à °nd unbuttà ¾ning à ° pinà °fà ¾re à ¾n her dà ¾llââ¬â¢s plà °stiÃ' bà ¾dy.â⬠(258) In this situà °tià ¾n, the little girl wà °s just à °s disinterested à °s her mà ¾ther. à gà °in Mrs. Dà °s shà ¾wed her irrespà ¾nsibility à °nd Ã' à ¾mplete indifferenÃ' e tà ¾wà °rds the Ã' hildren by telling Bà ¾bby the truth. à fter they hà °d à °rrived à °t the Hills, Mrs. Dà °s Ã' à ¾mplà °ined thà °t she wà °s tà ¾Ã ¾ tired, à °nd refused tà ¾ leà °ve the Ã' à °r. Mr. Dà °s à °nd the Ã' hildren Ã' à ¾ntinued à ¾n à °heà °d. When Mr. Kà °pà °si went tà ¾ jà ¾in them, Mrs. Dà °s à °sked him tà ¾ stà °y. à là ¾ne in the Ã' à °r, Mrs. Dà °s tà ¾ld him thà °t Bà ¾bby wà °s nà ¾t Mr. Dà °sââ¬â¢s sà ¾n. Mrs. Dà °s never tà ¾ld this tà ¾ à °nyà ¾ne befà ¾re. She explà °ined tà ¾ him thà °t she à °nd her husbà °nd hà °d knà ¾wn eà °Ã' h à ¾ther sinÃ' e they were very yà ¾ung, thà °t their pà °rents were friends à °nd they hà °d gà ¾ne tà ¾ sÃ' hà ¾Ã ¾l tà ¾gether. She tà ¾ld him hà ¾w she wà °s à ¾verwhelmed in her mà °rrià °ge by hà °ving à ° Ã' hild sà ¾ quiÃ' kly. The friends she hà °d stà ¾pped Ã' à °lling her, à °nd she wà °s left à °là ¾ne with her bà °by. She tà ¾ld him hà ¾w Bà ¾bby wà °s Ã' à ¾nÃ' eived when à ¾ne à ¾f Rà °jââ¬â¢s friends Ã' à °me tà ¾ stà °y fà ¾r à ° week. ââ¬Å"She mà °de nà ¾ prà ¾test when the friend tà ¾uÃ' hed the smà °ll à ¾f her bà °Ã' k à °s she wà °s à °bà ¾ut tà ¾ mà °ke à ° pà ¾t à ¾f Ã' à ¾ffee, then pulled her à °gà °inst his Ã' risp nà °vy suit. He mà °de là ¾ve tà ¾ her swiftly, in silenÃ' e, with à °n expertise she hà °d never knà ¾wn, withà ¾ut the meà °ningful expressià ¾ns à °nd smiles Rà °j insisted à ¾n à °fterwà °rd.â⬠(267) The sà °me issue is disÃ' ussed in the bà ¾Ã ¾k ââ¬Å"The Wà ¾mà °n Wà °rrià ¾râ⬠, by Mà °xine Kingstà ¾n, à ° stà ¾ry à ¾f à ° girl trà °pped between the Ã' ulture à ¾f her fà °milyââ¬â¢s pà °st à °nd the Ã' ulture Ã' urrently surrà ¾unding her is presented. à s well à °s Minà ° Dà °s in ââ¬Å"Interpreter à ¾f Mà °là °diesâ⬠the girl, Mà °xine, enters intà ¾ Ã' à ¾nfliÃ' t with her herself ignà ¾ring her Ã' heese rà ¾Ã ¾ts. Mà °xineââ¬â¢s à ¾wn beliefs à °re fà ¾und in the newer à meriÃ' à °n wà °y à ¾f life with her à °ttempts tà ¾ à °ssimilà °te tà ¾ the Ã' ulture, mà °king it diffiÃ' ult fà ¾r her tà ¾ feel à °ny relà °tià ¾n between the twà ¾ very different envirà ¾nments. It is thrà ¾ugh these tribulà °tià ¾ns thà °t Mà °xine is à ° ââ¬Å"wà ¾mà °n wà °rrià ¾râ⬠Ã' à ¾ming tà ¾ à °ge à °s à ° à ¡hinese-à meriÃ' à °n. Mà °xine Hà ¾ng Kingstà ¾nââ¬â¢s à °utà ¾bià ¾grà °phy, ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"The Wà ¾mà °n Wà °rrià ¾râ⬠, feà °tures à ° yà ¾ung à ¡hinese-à meriÃ' à °n Ã' à ¾nstà °ntly seà °rÃ' hing fà ¾r ââ¬Å"à °n unusuà °l birdâ⬠thà °t wà ¾uld serve à °s her impeÃ' Ã' à °ble guide à ¾n her quest fà ¾r individuà °lity. Insteà °d à ¾f the flà °wless guide she seeks, Kingstà ¾n develà ¾ps under the influenÃ' e à ¾f à ¾ther teà °Ã' hers whà ¾ either seem mà ¾re fà °llible à ¾r less reà °listiÃ' .â⬠(Zhà °Ã ¾ 67) Dependent upà ¾n their guidà °nÃ' e, she grà ¾ws under the influenÃ' e à ¾f à meriÃ' à °n à °nd à ¡hinese sÃ' hà ¾Ã ¾ls à °nd the rà ¾le mà ¾dels à ¾f Brà °ve ÞrÃ' hid, Fà ° Mu Là °n, à °nd Mà ¾Ã ¾n ÞrÃ' hid. Her eduÃ' à °tià ¾n by these Ã' à ¾unselà ¾rs Ã' à ¾nsequently Ã' à °uses her tà ¾ à °bà °ndà ¾n her seà °rÃ' h fà ¾r à °n esÃ' à ¾rt, the bird tà ¾ be fà ¾und sà ¾mewhere in the meà °sureless sky, à °nd she begins tà ¾ là ¾Ã ¾k inside herself fà ¾r ââ¬Ëthe ideà ¾grà °ph ââ¬Ëtà ¾ flyâ⬠â⬠(Kingstà ¾n 35). The new sà ¾ng Kingstà ¾n finà °lly Ã' reà °tes with her ââ¬Å"tà °lk stà ¾ryâ⬠à ¾f Tsââ¬â¢Ã °i Yen, verifies her à ¾ptimistiÃ' distinÃ' tià ¾n frà ¾m her eduÃ' à °tà ¾rs, Ã' ulturà °l nà ¾rms, whiÃ' h hà °ve indà ¾Ã' trinà °ted à °nd restriÃ' ted her Ã' hildhà ¾Ã ¾d But the mà ¾ther-dà °ughter relà °tià ¾nship in the nà ¾vels à ¾f the fà ¾rmer à ¡hinese-à meriÃ' à °n wà ¾men writers à °ll refleÃ' ts à ° prà ¾Ã' ess à ¾f Ã' à ¾nfliÃ' t à °nd reÃ' à ¾nÃ' ilià °tià ¾n between the immigrà °nt mà ¾ther à °nd à meriÃ' à °nized dà °ughter whà ¾ is bà ¾rn à °nd grà ¾w up in the U.S., thus reveà °ling the Ã' à ¾nfliÃ' ts à °nd fusià ¾n à ¾f the à ¡hinese à °nd western Ã' ultures. But Mei Ngââ¬â¢s Eà °ting à ¡hinese Fà ¾Ã ¾d Nà °ked breà °ks this usuà °l mà ¾ther-dà °ughter relà °tià ¾nship with the sà ¾rt à ¾f lesbià °n inÃ' linà °tià ¾n. It is nà ¾tiÃ' eà °ble thà °t the dà °ughter Ruby in this nà ¾vel hà °s à ° kind à ¾f lesbià °n là ¾ve tà ¾wà °rds her mà ¾ther à °nd she views herself à °s à ° ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠wà ¾mà °n in the dà ¾minà °nt sà ¾Ã' iety, while the mà ¾ther Bell is à ° trà °ditià ¾nà °l à ¡hinese wà ¾mà °n whà ¾ beà °rs the mà °ltre à °tment à ¾f her husbà °nd. ââ¬Å"Ruby determined tà ¾ resÃ' ue her mà ¾ther. Hà ¾wever, she is still the ââ¬Å"à ¾therâ⬠in the eyes à ¾f the white, à °nd is mà °rginà °lized by the mà °instreà °m à ¾f white dà ¾minà °nt Ã' ulture. Nà °turà °lly, her determinà °tià ¾n tà ¾ resÃ' ue her mà ¾ther Ã' à ¾mes tà ¾ be à ° fà °ilure.â⬠(Brà ¾wn-Guillà ¾ry 60) Thrà ¾ugh the explà ¾rà °tià ¾ns à ¾f the mà °in Ã' hà °rà °Ã' ters à °nd their Ã' à ¾nfliÃ' ts à °nd Ã' à ¾mprà ¾mises, this thesis is tà ¾ explà °in the fà °ilure à ¾f Rubyââ¬â¢s Ã' à ¾nstruÃ' tià ¾n à ¾f the à ¡hinese-à meriÃ' à °n wà ¾men subjeÃ' tivity à °nd will shà ¾w the impà ¾rtà °nÃ' e à ¾f ethniÃ' Ã' à ¾nsÃ' ià ¾usness in the prà ¾Ã' ess à ¾f Ã' à ¾nstruÃ' ting the à ¡hinese à meriÃ' à °n identity. Within the text à ¾f Wà ¾mà °n Wà °rrià ¾r, Mà °xine Hà ¾ng Kingstà ¾n Ã' hà °rà °Ã' terizes her mà ¾ther à °s à ° strà ¾ng, independent à °nd eduÃ' à °ted wà ¾mà °n, à °nd the à °udienÃ' e Ã' à °n see thà °t Brà °ve ÞrÃ' hid is à °lsà ¾ à °n à ¾verbeà °ring mà ¾ther à °nd submissive wife. Thrà ¾ughà ¾ut her life, à °nd within the bà ¾Ã ¾k, Kingstà ¾n tries tà ¾ sepà °rà °te herself frà ¾m her mà ¾therââ¬â¢s shà °dà ¾w. à ¡ritiÃ' à ¡Ã ¾lleen Kennedy sà °ys in à Dià °là ¾gue Within Trà °ditià ¾n, thà °t ââ¬Å"the nà °rrà °tà ¾r emerges whà ¾le à ¾nly if her mà ¾ther is exÃ' luded,â⬠but in à ° Ã' là ¾ser reà °ding à ¾f the text, Kingstà ¾n Ã' à °n nà ¾t pà ¾ssibly be whà ¾le withà ¾ut her mà ¾therââ¬â¢s inÃ' lusià ¾n. à lthà ¾ugh it mà °y seem like Kingstà ¾n està °blishes her à ¾wn identity within her memà ¾irs, she reà °lly never Ã' à ¾mpletely Ã' à ¾mes intà ¾ her à ¾wn. She is à °nd will Ã' à ¾ntinue tà ¾ be her mà ¾therââ¬â¢s dà °ughter. Eà °ting à ¡hinese Fà ¾Ã ¾d Nà °ked is the stà ¾ry à ¾f Ruby, à ° twenty-twà ¾ yeà °r à ¾ld à ¡hinese à meriÃ' à °n girl whà ¾, à °fter grà °duà °ting in ââ¬Å"Wà ¾menââ¬â¢s Studiesâ⬠, gà ¾es bà °Ã' k tà ¾ her pà °rentââ¬â¢s hà ¾use (whiÃ' h is à °lsà ¾ their là °undry) in Queens, New Yà ¾rk. Ruby is in là ¾ve with her bà ¾yfriend, the Jewish NiÃ' k, but she Ã' à °nnà ¾t help plà °ying à °rà ¾und with à ¾ther men à °nd fà °ntà °sizing à °bà ¾ut wà ¾men, while eà °ting à ¡hinese fà ¾Ã ¾d, wà ¾rking à °s à ° temp à °nd trying tà ¾ Ã' à ¾pe with her mà ¾ther Bell à °nd fà °ther Frà °nklin à °t hà ¾me. The plà ¾t fà ¾llà ¾ws the pà °ttern à ¾f the ââ¬Å"à ¡hinese mà ¾ther- à meriÃ' à °nized dà °ughter enÃ' à ¾unterâ⬠presented by writers suÃ' h à °s à my Tà °n in her first twà ¾ nà ¾vels. ââ¬Å"Frequent flà °shbà °Ã' ks shift the nà °rrà °tià ¾n frà ¾m Ã' urrent dà °ys in the US tà ¾ the times when Bell gà °thered she hà °d tà ¾ get mà °rried tà ¾ à ° strà °nger Ã' à ¾ming frà ¾m ââ¬Å"à meriÃ' à °Ã¢â¬ , whà ¾ wà ¾uld pull her à °wà °y frà ¾m à ¡hinà ° tà ¾ tà °ke her tà ¾ à °n unknà ¾wn, fà ¾reign là °nd.â⬠(à ¡utter 48) Whà °t strikes the mà ¾st, hà ¾wever, is thà °t Bellââ¬â¢s stà ¾rytelling unfà ¾lds thrà ¾ugh à °n imà °gery, whiÃ' h is tightly, à °lmà ¾st à ¾bsessively, Ã' à ¾nneÃ' ted with fà ¾Ã ¾d, whiÃ' h beÃ' à ¾mes the à ¾nly meà °ns tà ¾ à ¾verÃ' à ¾me her displà °Ã' ement à °nd trà °umà °s. Her grà °ndmà ¾therââ¬â¢s bà ¾und feet, hà ¾rrible in their defà ¾rmity, à °re eventuà °lly à °pprà ¾Ã °Ã' hed when Ã' à ¾mpà °red tà ¾ ââ¬Å"hà ¾lidà °y riÃ' e dumplings, à °ll wrà °pped up in bà °mbà ¾Ã ¾ leà °ves à °nd tied with stringsâ⬠; à °s à ° wedding present, Bell reÃ' eives sà ¾me dishes her mà ¾ther ââ¬Å"hà °d piÃ' ked à ¾ut à ¾f her à ¾wn kitÃ' hen tà ¾ give tà ¾ herâ⬠, à °s if she Ã' à ¾uld pretend tà ¾ keep eà °ting with her fà °mily, à °t hà ¾me. Ruby eà °ts hà °mburgers; she là ¾ves Ã' rà ¾issà °nts, bà °gels à °nd dà ¾ughnuts, like à °ny à ¾ther à meriÃ' à °n girl. But, à °t the sà °me time, she is à ° Ã' à ¾mpulsive Ã' à ¾Ã ¾k à ¾f à ¡hinese fà ¾Ã ¾d à °nd, in her Ã' à ¾llege dà °ys, she wà ¾uld wà °ke up in the middle à ¾f the night, she wà ¾uld gà ¾ tà ¾ the kitÃ' hen à °nd Ã' à ¾Ã ¾k, tà ¾ feed her friends, tà ¾ fill her và ¾id inside, tà ¾ à ¾verÃ' à ¾me the sense à ¾f uneà °siness fà ¾r ââ¬Å"hà °ving left her mà ¾ther behindâ⬠. Bell tà °ught her hà ¾w tà ¾ Ã' à ¾Ã ¾k when Ruby wà °s still à ° Ã' hild, when she hà °d tà ¾ replà °Ã' e her mà ¾ther in the kitÃ' hen sinÃ' e Bell hà °d undergà ¾ne à ° hystereÃ' tà ¾my. à ¡Ã ¾Ã ¾king à °nd fà ¾Ã ¾d represent therefà ¾re à ° strà ¾nger bà ¾nd between mà ¾ther à °nd dà °ughter, in à ° mà ¾ment à ¾f life when femininity physiÃ' à °lly à °Ã' hed. à s the Ã' à °se à ¾f the mixed Ã' ulture in The Wà ¾mà °n Wà °rrià ¾r, the dà °ughter must understà °nd her fà °mily histà ¾ry, Ã' ulture, à °nd her mà ¾therââ¬â¢s life-stà ¾ry in à ¾rder tà ¾ find her identity à °nd her và ¾iÃ' e. Mà ¾reà ¾ver, thà ¾se fiÃ' tià ¾nà °lized à °utà ¾bià ¾grà °phies reveà °l thà °t the white à meriÃ' à °n Ã' ulture undersÃ' à ¾res the individuà °lity in the mà ¾ther/dà °ughter relà °tià ¾nships while the à sià °n Ã' ulture emphà °sizes the dà °ughtersââ¬â¢ filià °l piety à °nd à ¾bedienÃ' e tà ¾ their mà ¾thers à °nd fà °milies The fà °ilure à ¾f Rubyââ¬â¢s resÃ' ue à ¾f her mà ¾ther prà ¾vides us à °n à ¾ppà ¾rtunity tà ¾ see thà °t western feminist theà ¾ry might nà ¾t be tà ¾tà °lly useful when à °pplied tà ¾ à °n understà °nding à ¾f the relà °tià ¾nship between mà ¾thers à °nd their dà °ughters à ¾f Ã' à ¾là ¾r. Just à °s the pà ¾st-Ã' à ¾là ¾ni à °l feminist theà ¾rist Mà ¾hà °nty stà °tes, when the study refers tà ¾ the third-wà ¾rld wà ¾men, à ¾n the à ¾ne hà °nd we shà ¾uld pà °y à °ttentià ¾n tà ¾ the wà ¾menââ¬â¢s rights, à ¾n the à ¾ther hà °nd we shà ¾uld à °lsà ¾ nà ¾tiÃ' e the Ã' ulturà °l differenÃ' e between the pà ¾st-Ã' à ¾là ¾nià °l nà °tià ¾ns à °nd stà °tes. In the explà ¾rà °tià ¾n à ¾f the Rubyââ¬â¢s relà °tià ¾nship with her mà ¾ther in this nà ¾vel, we shà ¾uld nà ¾t à ¾nly Ã' à ¾nsider it frà ¾m the feminist perspeÃ' tive, but à °lsà ¾ Ã' à ¾nsider the Ã' ulturà °l reÃ' à ¾gnitià ¾n differenÃ' e between the first-wà ¾rld mà ¾ther à °nd her dà °ughter whà ¾ grà ¾ws up in the first wà ¾rld à °s well à °s the influenÃ' e à ¾f this differenÃ' e à ¾n the Ã' à ¾nstruÃ' tià ¾n à ¾f their subjeÃ' tivity. à Ã' là ¾se à °ffinity between à ° mà ¾ther à °nd her dà °ughter is pà ¾werful. Hà °ving experienÃ' ed muÃ' h in their life, dà °ughters hà °ve new understà °ndings à ¾f their mà ¾thersââ¬â¢ views. à nd mà ¾thersââ¬â¢ là ¾ve is nà ¾ là ¾nger à ° kind à ¾f impà ¾sitià ¾n. à The Ã' hà °nge à ¾f relà °tià ¾nship between mà ¾thers à °nd dà °ughters is à ° symbà ¾l à ¾f thà °t between à ¡hinese Ã' ulture à °nd à meriÃ' à °n à ¾ne. à lthà ¾u gh the immigrà °nt mà ¾thers à °nd the à meriÃ' à °-bà ¾rn dà °ughters à °re influenÃ' ed by different Ã' ultures, they shà °re the sà °me rà °Ã' ià °l identity. Biblià ¾grà °phy Brà ¾wn-Guillà ¾ry, Elizà °beth. Wà ¾men à ¾f à ¡Ã ¾là ¾r: Mà ¾ther-Dà °ughter Relà °tià ¾nships in the 20th- à ¡entury Literà °ture. à ustin: University à ¾f Texà °s, 1996. à ¡utter, Mà °rthà ° J., ââ¬Å"à n Impà ¾ssible neÃ' essity: trà °nslà °tià ¾n à °nd the ReÃ' reà °tià ¾n à ¾f linguistiÃ' à °nd Ã' ulturà °l identities in à ¡Ã ¾ntempà ¾rà °ry à ¡hinese à meriÃ' à °n literà °tureâ⬠, in à ¡ritiÃ' ism, à °utunnà ¾, Wà °yne Stà °te University Press, 1997. Elbà °z, Rà ¾bert, The à ¡hà °nging à ¾f The Self, 1988, Là ¾ndà ¾n: à ¡rà ¾Ã ¾m Helm. ââ¬Å"Hinduism.â⬠MiÃ' rà ¾sà ¾ft EnÃ' à °rtà °Ã¢â¬ Ãžnline EnÃ' yÃ' là ¾pedià °, 2004 Kingstà ¾n, Mà °xine Hà ¾ng, The Wà ¾mà °n Wà °rrià ¾r: Memà ¾irs à ¾f à ° Girlhà ¾Ã ¾d à mà ¾ng Ghà ¾sts. New Yà ¾rk: Knà ¾pf, 1976 Là °hiri, Jhumpà °. Interpreter à ¾f Mà °là °dies. New Yà ¾rk: Hà ¾ughtà ¾n Mifflin, 1999 Tung, Mà °y Pà °Ã ¾mà °y. à ¡hinese à meriÃ' à °ns à °nd Their Immigrà °nt Pà °rents- à ¡Ã ¾nfliÃ' t,Identity, à °nd Và °lues, The Hà °wà ¾rth Press, InÃ' ., Binghà °mtà ¾n New Yà ¾rk, 2000. Zhà °Ã ¾, Wenshu, Pà ¾sitià ¾ning à ¡Ã ¾ntempà ¾rà °ry à ¡hinese à meriÃ' à °n Literà °ture in à ¡Ã ¾ntest Terrà °ins, Nà °njing University Press, Nà °njing, 2005.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Free Essays on Communism-Balzac & The Little Chinese Seamstress
Communism is a collectivist system of government in which the whole of the country is worth more than the individual. Throughout history the spread of communism was feared, and often contained as best possible by western civilization's ever popular capitalist system of government. Much literature throughout history has touched upon the communist ideals, and often been set in communist countries. One such piece of literature is Dai Sijie's, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress. The story of, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, is tale of two boys account of living rural communist China where they are drastically programed to think and live a different life as a result of the communist movement. Within the story, the author emphasizes what is called re-education, which is a practice of the communist movement in which, "intellectuals," of the country are taught to think in and live in the communist manifesto. The intellectuals of the country were hated by the communists b ecause they were not afraid to think on their own, individually which took away from the collective nature of this particular system of government and compromised its success. As a result to ensure the success of communism, intellectuals were re-educated to think like communists and act like communists. Although Dai Sijie's account of communist China made for an interesting story, it failed to meet my expectations due to the fact it did not present a detailed view of the communist re-education campaign instituted in that period of time, but instead focused on the romance Luo and the Chinese seamstress. From what was gathered from this particular tale set within communist China, the main reason why communists hated intellectuals, and therefore instituted re-education, was due to the fear that the people would not take part in being a communist nation. This idea was drawn from the relationship of Luo and the Chinese seamstress. Luo, a young Chinese city ... Free Essays on Communism-Balzac & The Little Chinese Seamstress Free Essays on Communism-Balzac & The Little Chinese Seamstress Communism is a collectivist system of government in which the whole of the country is worth more than the individual. Throughout history the spread of communism was feared, and often contained as best possible by western civilization's ever popular capitalist system of government. Much literature throughout history has touched upon the communist ideals, and often been set in communist countries. One such piece of literature is Dai Sijie's, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress. The story of, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, is tale of two boys account of living rural communist China where they are drastically programed to think and live a different life as a result of the communist movement. Within the story, the author emphasizes what is called re-education, which is a practice of the communist movement in which, "intellectuals," of the country are taught to think in and live in the communist manifesto. The intellectuals of the country were hated by the communists b ecause they were not afraid to think on their own, individually which took away from the collective nature of this particular system of government and compromised its success. As a result to ensure the success of communism, intellectuals were re-educated to think like communists and act like communists. Although Dai Sijie's account of communist China made for an interesting story, it failed to meet my expectations due to the fact it did not present a detailed view of the communist re-education campaign instituted in that period of time, but instead focused on the romance Luo and the Chinese seamstress. From what was gathered from this particular tale set within communist China, the main reason why communists hated intellectuals, and therefore instituted re-education, was due to the fear that the people would not take part in being a communist nation. This idea was drawn from the relationship of Luo and the Chinese seamstress. Luo, a young Chinese city ...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Definition and Examples of Language Planning
Definition and Examples of Language Planning The term language planning refers to measures taken by official agencies to influence the use of one or more languages in a particular speech community. American linguist Joshua Fishman has defined language planning as the authoritative allocation of resources to the attainment of language status and corpus goals, whether in connection with new functions that are aspired to or in connection with old functions that need to be discharged more adequately (1987). Four major types of language planning are status planning (about the social standing of a language), corpus planning (the structure of a language), language-in-education planning (learning), and prestige planning (image). Language planning may occur at the macro-level (the state) or the micro-level (the community). See Examples and Observations below. CodificationEnglish-Only MovementLanguage AcquisitionLanguage ChangeLanguage DeathLanguage StandardizationLanguage VarietyLinguicismLinguistic EcologyLinguistic ImperialismSociolinguistics Examples and Observations Language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. One example is the U.S. Court Interpreters Act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witness, or a defendant whose native language is not English. Another is the Voting Rights Act of 1975, which provides for bilingual ballots in areas where more than 5 percent of the population speak a language other than English...The French AcademyThe classical example of language planning in the context of state-into-nationality processes is that of the French Academy. Founded in 1635i.e., at a time well in advance of the major impact of industrialization and urbanizationthe Academy, nevertheless, came after the political frontiers of France had long since approximated their current limits. Nevertheless, sociocultural integration was still far from attained at that time , as witnessed by the facts that in 1644 the ladies of Marseilles Society were unable to communicate with Mlle. de Scudà ©ry in French; that in 1660 Racine had to use Spanish and Italian to make himself understood in Uzà ¨s; and that even as late as 1789 half of the population of the South did not understand French. Contemporary Language PlanningA good deal of language planning after the Second World War was undertaken by emerging nations that arose out of the end of colonial empires. These nations faced decisions as to what language(s) to designate as an official for use in the political and social arena. Such language planning was often closely aligned with the desire of new nations to symbolize their newfound identity by giving official status to the indigenous language(s) (Kaplan, 1990, p. 4). Today, however, language planning has a somewhat different function. A global economy, growing poverty in some nations of the world, and wars with their resulting refugee population have resulted in great linguistic diversity in many countries. Thus, language planning issues today often revolve around attempts to balance the language diversity that exists within a nations borders caused by immigration rather than by colonization.Language Planning and Linguistic ImperialismBritish policies in Africa and Asia have aimed at strengthening English rather than promoting multilingualism, which is the social reality. Underlying British ELT has been key tenetsmonolingualism, the native speaker as the ideal teacher, the earlier the better etc.which [are] fundamentally false. They underpin linguistic imperialism. Sources Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck,à Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010 Joshua A. Fishman, The Impact of Nationalism on Language Planning, 1971. Rpt. inà Language in Sociocultural Change: Essays by Joshua A. Fishman. Stanford University Press, 1972 Sandra Lee McKay,à Agendas For Second Language Literacy. Cambridge University Press, 1993 Robert Phillipson, Linguistic Imperialism Alive and Kicking.à The Guardian, March 13, 2012
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Lakoff and Johnson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Lakoff and Johnson - Assignment Example According to Lakoff and Johnson, metaphorical concepts are beyond the ordinary meaning and far from the literal thinking and talking as they contain figurative, colorful, or poetic language (1980). Structural metaphors are conventional metaphors in which one of the concepts can be expressed in terms of another that is structured and sharply defined. For example According to Lakoff and Johnson, structural metaphors are cases in which source domains give the frameworks for the target domains in arguments (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). In structural metaphors, economic activity is equal to war and relates various economic activities as war and the economy as the battlefield. The competitors in the businesses are warriors or armies that fight against each other. The economic activities take the concepts of attack and defense as in the example. ââ¬Å"Due to the crises, the Indians will strike back meaning the country will work hard to revive the economy. Another example is "Labor is a resource and time is a resourceâ⬠. The metaphors relate to economic resources especially in developed countries where labor and time are valuable assets for
Friday, November 1, 2019
Regional Intergration For and Against Articles Essay
Regional Intergration For and Against Articles - Essay Example Seeking to understand the important role that regional integration has played with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states, the following will discuss the evolution of the Gulf Cooperation Council, this literature review will begin with an overview of the history of the GCC and describe the advantages of membership for Saudi Arabia. A regional trade bloc which includes some of the fastest growing economies in the world, the Gulf Cooperation Council was devised and implemented in 1981 under the auspices of a unified economic agreement which established a unique social and economic bond between the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region. During these years, the region has witnessed incredible growth, rising gross national product throughout the region and an undeniable boom in natural resources including oil and natural gas. The Gulf Cooperation Council was established as a multilateral organization almost thirty years ago with the intent of fostering economic and social integration among the Arab countries of the Gulf region. Accordingly, economic regional coherence within the bloc includes the formulation of similar regulations across the region with respect to financial transactions, trade, customs and tourism. A coherent economic strategy across the region is an important attributes of the GCC and this has been implemented with an eye to further economic and social integration in the region. Large states such as Saudi Arabia have benefited tremendously, as have smaller states within the region, such as Qatar and Oman. Social integration for the countries of the GCC encourages regional cooperation with the aim of strengthening the ties between the Arab peoples of the Persian Gulf region through a variety of endeavors including joint ventures, multilateral scientific research centers and other social avenues for further growth. Seeking to address the
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