Compare and Contrast of Short Stories Essay

In â€Å"The Ones That Walk Away From Omelas† and â€Å"The Lottery†, Ursula Le Guin and Shirley Jackson portray a supposedly perfect society built on clandestine secrets. In the short story â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas†, Omelas’ inhabitants are smart and cultured, and it seems like a utopian city of happiness and delight. Everything about Omelas is your every desire, disregarding the secret of the city: the good fortune of Omelas requires that a single unfortunate child be kept in never-ending filth, darkness and misery, and that all its citizens should be told of this when they come of age. After the truth is told to the people of Omelas most are initially shocked and disgusted and somehow manage to live there life and make it worth it for the child’s existence; others just walk away from the city of Omelas. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, a small village of about 300 have an annual lottery; women, men, and children participate, to see who will be the chosen one to guarantee enough rain for the corn crops. The winner is to be stoned to death. The way the authors use irony to depict the story societies as wonderful and perfect then towards the end the dark secret is discovered is very intriguing and captivating, which makes you want to keep reading. In the story, â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas†, Omelas seems to be this beautiful and cheerful place. The story takes place during a festival and there are children running around laughing and there is music. It talks about a race and how the horses are excited, â€Å"(the horses) flared their nostrils and pranced and boasted to one another â€Å" with silver, gold, and green braided into their manes. The story has and air of excitement and celebration that is soon questioned when the author begins to talk about the child.

Importance in the novel Essay

Explore the portrayal of Serena Joy and the Commander in the early part of the novel. Also estimate their characters importance in the novel. Serena Joy is portrayed as a frustrated, hostile and rude woman who is full of hate; which in some respects you could say she is, but her character runs much more deeply than is first apparent to the reader. This is portrayed through her characters words, actions and pursuits in many different ways. An example of this is her frustration at the little amount of freedom she is allowed. Although when compared to a character like, Offred she has a lot of freedom, she feels she doesn’t, ‘It is a little thing, but in this household little things mean a lot. ‘, ‘Many of the wives have such gardens, it’s something for them to order and maintain and care for. ‘ By having a garden like this, and being allowed to take charge of it, and look after it, she feels this gives her some importance in the community. It is a distraction, a place of escape for her from the life that she leads, which is boring and she is not happy with. This is the only freedom she is allowed in the life she leads now, which although it doesn’t mean a lot to her, it should be treasured because in Gilead to have freedom like that is unthinkable to most; this portrays Serena Joy to be a women who takes things and her status in the elite, for granted. ‘The tulips are red, a darker crimson towards the stem; as if they had been cut and are beginning to heal there. ‘ The garden to Serena Joy is also something she can take her frustration out on, as she is not supposed to harm Offred. An aspect portrayed to us immensely about her character is her great longing for children; this is shown in many of the domestic pursuits she carries out, i. e. gardening and knitting, ‘They aren’t scarves for grown men but for children. ‘ Although these are scarves supposed to be made for the Angels who are grown men, she makes the scarves in children sizes. This shows the reader how she is always thinking about children, and how she longs to have children of her own. Her garden also portrays these feelings she has about children of her own, ‘Many of the wives have such gardens, it is something for them to order and maintain and care for. ‘ She treats her garden, like you would expect her to treat a child, by caring for it lovingly with great affection. She is rude and hostile towards Offred, because she hates the fact that she is there because she can’t have children of her own, also it must be a humiliating experience for her, the thought of her husband making love to another woman, ‘So, you’re the new one, she said. She didn’t step aside to let me in, she just stood there in the door way, blocking the entrance. She wanted me to feel that I could not come into the house unless she said so. ‘ This is where the reader, feels a little compassion for Serena Joy, as she is portrayed as an awful women, who really has bought this predicament on herself; but it must be humiliating for her. Her husband is sleeping with another women, and as far as she is concerned it is because she cannot have children. She also knows that this life that she has helped to promote, is awful and she hates the way in which she has to live now. Her name is also trying to portray an image of serenity and joy, which once she as a young woman had portrayed, but now with a new way of living, her nature has come to contradict her name, ‘The woman sitting in front of me was Serena Joy. Or had once been. So it was worse than I thought. ‘ The Commander is portrayed as a man who will use his power and authority to get what he wants. He rebels against his own way of life that he has fought to promote, which portrays to us that he too is unhappy with the way he has to live his life, ‘he isn’t supposed to be here’, ‘He is violating custom’. I feel that as we read further into the novel, the way he uses his power to get what he wants will be even more strongly portrayed as part of his character to the reader. We don’t get vivid descriptions of the Commander at first. He is a character which you know is there but we don’t get to meet or see at the beginning of the novel. This portrays him as a slightly mysterious, and you never quite know when to expect him to turn up, ‘The commander stops, gets into the car, disappears, and Nick shuts the door. ‘ His clothes also gives an awe of uncertainty and mystery as he has to dress all in black, which is the colour closely associated to death. He’s a character of great importance in the society of Gilead, and we see this at the Ceremony. We see at the ceremony that he is a highly influential character too, ‘We watch him: every inch, every flicker. ‘ Everyone watches him and wants to be him, which shows he is influential, this though is just because of the power, importance and freedom he has, which all the other characters can only dream about. The first description we get of the Commander portrays him as a very ordinary looking man, ‘When you get down as far as the chin he looks like a vodka ad, in a glossy magazine, of times gone by. ‘ He looks like a friendly approachable man, which slightly contradicts the mysterious feel he has portrayed at the very beginning of the novel. As they are both characters of great power within the society, I feel they are very important in the novel as a whole, and as the book goes on their importance will increase. They are both very strong characters, and both feel that they are hard done by compared to how they used to live but they aren’t when compared to characters like Offred. This is also true of many people in the world today. They are two characters in the novel who care only for themselves and nobody else, even though they are very lucky with what they have.

Do We Need Education For Sustainable Living Environmental Sciences Essay

Sustainable life is about a life style that reduces an person ‘s or society ‘s usage of planetary natural resources ( Ainoa et al. 2009 ) . For sustainable life, we should carry on our lives in ways that are consistent with the nucleus rules of sustainability, in natural balance and respectful of humanity ‘s symbiotic relationship with the Earth ‘s natural ecology and biological rhythms ( CELL, 2010? ) . Such a life manner requires that we make serious efforts to cut down our C footmark by changing diet, energy ingestion and transit methods ( Winter, 2007 ) . Brown ( ? ? ? ) has described sustainable life in the twenty-first century as switching to a renewable energy-based, reuse/recycle economic system with a diversified conveyance system. It is by and large recognized that instruction is the most of import factor in bettering the quality of life and for heightening chances for single development. However, it has merely late been realized that instruction is the decisive factor in turn toing the present crisis related to environmental instability. The extent of the planetary environmental debasement crisis has merely come into focal point because of the multiple and repeated dismaies being raised over the effects of clime alteration. However, turn toing the multiple menaces to the sustainability of humanity within the twenty-first century is an tremendous challenge affecting educating and re-educating people on a battalion of complex and inter-related constructs. Education must hold a dominant function in traveling towards sustainable life since it is the individual most of import factor in bettering the quality of life. Science instruction is indispensable in accomplishing societal development through environmental co nsciousness. Education must be the advocator for environmental sustainability being a moral duty for all. Traveling towards environmental sustainability involves educating communities on the strength of present environmental debasement and actuating them to cut down their ecological footmark based on acquired cognition and experience. Higher instruction is peculiarly relevant to work outing the crisis of clime alteration ( Hales, 2008 ) . It is seasonably that higher instruction should concentrate on scientific discipline and technology for the development of new engineerings for preservation of H2O and energy supplied and learn communities how to populate and work sustainably. Specially structured educational plans are needed. These should be multidisciplinary to cover all facets that relate to sustainable life, must holistically turn to the entire energy, H2O and C footmarks of lifestyle picks, and explicate how these picks, determinations and behaviors affect natural resources, s ocietal equity and economic development. Further, extension plans must move as theoretical accounts for others to follow and assist communities ‘walk the talk ‘ ( Crosby et al. , 2008 ) . This chapter is an effort to stress the most important facets of instruction associated with traveling toward sustainability.What is sustainability?Sustainability has different significances for different people and has merely late come into crisp focal point following concerns on ‘climate alteration ‘ and the effects for sustainability of humanity. Unfortunately, the clime alteration argument has overshadowed the more of import argument on the sustainability of the environment. Over the last two centuries, the environment has been seen as self-sufficient and a resource to be exploited and consumed. Merely in recent decennaries has the environment been acknowledged as being earnestly stressed and threatened, and in pressing demand for preservation and regeneration. Despite the present widespread acknowledgment of planetary environmental debasement being caused by human disregard, there is intense argument on how environmental preservation and regeneration can be achieved both now and in the hereafter. This argument is frustrated by a deficiency of a matter-of-fact definition of ‘sustainability ‘ , peculiarly in relation to sustainable environmental development. The much quoted Brundtlund Report definition published in 1987 was the first to associate ‘sustainable development ‘ to ‘social duty ‘ : ‘sustainable development means keeping the demands of the present coevals without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands ‘ . However, the ‘needs of the present coevals ‘ are many and diverse and include nutrient, H2O, energy and money among others. These demands have already exceeded the resources on which they depend and so the ability of future coevalss to run into their demands is already compromised. Following such a loose definition of sustainability, there has been go oning dismay on the disparity of the demands of the rich compared to those of the hapless and on ‘what ‘ should be sustained and precedences of prolonging. The world is that present population growing, alien life styles and inordinate ingestion of resources are non sustainable but to make sustainability remains an elusive aim. It is obvious that there is an pressing demand to travel towards sustainability based on major alterations to the present dominant societal and community values. The utmost dedication of communities to devour resources must alter to preservation of resources coupled with wealth accretion altering to wealth distribution to help in shuting the spread between the ‘haves ‘ and ‘have-nots ‘ . Hence, sustainability should be driven by ‘people power ‘ . Sustainability besides implies alterations of attitude and accent on perceptual experiences of the significance of ‘economic growing ‘ . This has long been associated with increased trade and industrial development which have produced a downward spiral of increased poorness and progressive environmental debasement. Economic growing has to be measured in footings of run intoing the indispensable demands of humanity without heightening environmental debasement together with greater equity in the distribution of economic benefits. Social justness is a important constituent of sustainability. Sustainability is chiefly dependent on the saving of the diverse and complex ecosystems which make up the planetary ecosphere. These delicate systems are under unprecedented emphasis as a effect of the relentless demands for cleared land for lodging and industry, the increasing demands for fossil fuels for energy coevals and the burgeoning demand for nutrient from grain harvests and for fish from the oceans. It is merely because of the comparatively recent dismay bells sounded by the onslaught of clime alteration that irreversible environmental debasement has been to the full recognized and appreciated but alas, non to the full understood. In order to stress the graduated table of debasement and its correlativity with human impact, a new slang has emerged that of ‘ecological footmark ‘ which is a step of the ecological capacity of persons. At present, even the crudest estimations of ecological footmarks indicate that the developed states of the universe are populating bey ond their ecological capacity and are therefore populating on borrowed clip. Sustainability necessarily involves ‘government ‘ at all degrees and requires democratic revival to bring forth sustainable, accountable and just signifiers of capitalist economy which activate societal reforms and advance ecological consciousness. There is a common perceptual experience that engineering will work out the sustainability issue but this is a misconception since although engineering can help traveling towards sustainability, it is non the one-sided counterpoison. Further, accomplishing sustainability is non a ‘quick hole ‘ phenomenon but a drawn-out and unsure journey affecting dedicated committedness of people and resources. It is already clear that the rate of technological development in extenuating clime alteration is non consistent with the magnitude of job. Put merely, to cut down ‘carbon emanations ‘ agencies ‘capturing C dioxide and deviating it from the ambiance ‘ . These two operations need to be both technologically and economically executable and require clip devouring research coupled with advanced schemes to commercialize new scientific finds. Although a touchable definition of sustainability is elusive, it does hold many aspects all related to prolonging the environment as the top precedence. Therefore, instruction for traveling toward sustainability besides has many aspects which are best illustrated by the bunch chart shown in Figure 1 and a brief treatment of each constituent of this bunch follows. Fig. 1 Cluster diagram to depict the constituents of instruction associated with sustainability.Education for sustainable environmentsProlonging humanity in the twenty-first century depends on prolonging the environment as the top precedence so as to continue its resources. In simple footings, continuing these resources means that sustainable consumable outputs are provided but that the ingestion rate does non transcend the regeneration rate. Similarly, non-renewable resources must be preserved which means that the ingestion rate is balanced by the production rate of renewable resources. In concurrence with these equilibrating schemes, it is necessary to guarantee that waste coevals does non transcend the assimilation rate of the environment. Clearly the present crisis of ague and widespread environmental debasement is the consequence of these three factors being ignored over many decennaries. The environment in all its dimensions is degrading globally. Atmospheric pollution has been of major concern for many decennaries but has now reached new highs of concern following the widespread concern on the effects of clime alteration. The chief cause of clime alteration is believed to be due to the inordinate physique up of C dioxide in the lower ambiance caused chiefly by the inordinate burning of fossil fuels for the production of energy. However, C dioxide is non the lone known nursery gas, methane is besides a potent heat storage gas along with H2O vapour. This fact entirely is sufficient for much complacence within the clime alteration argument and poses extra challenges for clime alteration pedagogues. Whether or non climate alteration is a world is irrelevant in the context of environmental sustainability since all factors which disturb the equilibrium of the environment which has been established over millenaries have to be considered and addressed. Loss of biodiversity from the land arises mostly from habitat loss and atomization produced by overexploitation of land for development, forestry and agribusiness. This is blazing transition of natural capital to investing capital and although there has been widespread disapprobation of devastation of the rain-forests of the universe for decennaries, the worlds of such desolation are merely now going to the full evident as are the effects of ‘intensive agribusiness ‘ which reduces dirt quality at dismaying rates. It is dry that forests conserve biodiversity, preserve H2O and dirt quality, supply a broad assortment of merchandises and, above all, produce atmospheric O by photosynthesis and yet these commissariats still have no touchable market value as compared with the economic benefits of logging and land glade which straight increase atmospheric C dioxide concentrations. Such are the challenges for sustainability instruction, since the mentalities of developers and econ omic experts clearly have to alter and natural resources need to be ‘priced ‘ sufficiently high to guarantee their saving. Similarly, H2O resources globally are at crisis point. Freshwater is indispensable for human life but at best, it is less than 5 % of the planetary resource. Excessive usage of fresh water supplies for irrigation has markedly affected the wellness of river systems chiefly by cut downing flow rates which in bend topographic points emphasis on wetland systems. Further, natural implosion therapy of river inundation fields has been curtailed by the building of dikes and weirs which further control river flow rates and therefore topographic point terrible emphasis on critical river ecosystem resources. It is once more dry that many of these aquatic ecosystems have been studied in item over several decennaries but it is merely relatively late that inter-dependence of these ecosystems has been appreciated and value of biodiversity as a realistic step of environmental wellness realized. Further, the Marine environment is besides undergoing rapid debasement which is most evident from the dimi nution in the figure of fish species as a consequence of over-fishing with the coming of spiller engineering and unsustainable fishing patterns. Although the recent addition in success of aquaculture has and will go on to turn to this instability, it is clear that more terrible international statutory controls on fishing are required together with the execution of sustainable fishing practices- both of which depend on international understandings and pacts which are hard to accomplish and implement.Education for sustainable economic systemsThe supreme challenge for sustainable life in the twenty-first century is to control inordinate ingestion in the developed universe whilst raising living criterions in the underdeveloped universe without a net addition in ingestion of natural resources and environmental impact. Historically, life criterions have correlated with economic growing and environmental debasement, and so moving towards sustainable life is at best challenging and at worst , impossible. Again, instruction is required to alter the mentality on what constitutes a ‘sustainable economic system ‘ , foremost by understanding why present national economic systems are non sustainable. Contemporary economic sciences is based on economic growing and efficient allotment of resources, and multiple schemes are put in topographic point to accomplish pre-determined economic aims upon which the wealth of states is based. Conversely, the alleged ‘new economic sciences ‘ or ‘ecological economic sciences ‘ is based on sustainable growing and carnival and efficient distribution of resources. The first clip that the latter became a world instead than a theory was at the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change acme when developing universe states argued really convincingly that the developed universe should financially help the underdeveloped universe in cut downing planetary green house gas emanations. The failure of the acme to make a one-sided understanding on nursery gas emanations was mostly due to a deficiency of understanding on the basic rule of wealth distribution which underwrites ecological economic sciences. Conventional economic sciences puts a monetary value on natural resources such as fossil fuels, minerals, H2O and groceries and these are regarded as the chief drivers of national economic systems. However, every bit of import natural resources such as national Parkss, Marine Parkss, wetlands, coral reefs, mangrove swamps and many others are regarded as ‘economic outwardnesss ‘ which ‘need non be priced ‘ and hence are mature for development, peculiarly through touristry. Ecological economic sciences is based on realistic pricing of all natural resources which are capable to ingestion by worlds, either straight or indirectly and in add-on, is committed to the belief that sustainable economic sciences is based on a one-sided rejuvenation of industry such that fabrication procedures are energy and waste efficient, consume less resources and supply clean, safe working environments. Ecological economic sciences is the cardinal platform of the emerging C economic s ystem. However, it is already apparent that there is much resistance to a ‘carbon revenue enhancement ‘ and incredulity of the effectivity of ‘carbon emanation trading strategies ‘ in cut downing nursery gas emanations, so public instruction on the basic scientific discipline and economic sciences underpinning these strategies is evidently desperately required.Education for sustainable communitiesThere is no uncertainty that the overpowering menace to sustainability of humanity in the twenty-first century is that the present planetary population of about 6.8 billion is devouring 40 % more resources that the Earth is bring forthing per annum and so with a projected planetary population of 9 billion by 2050, 5.4 Earth ‘s worth of resources will be required to accomplish human sustainability. Even to travel towards sustainability on such a graduated table evidently requires a monolithic mind alteration of humanity and utmost urgency in the execution of sus tainable life patterns. Constructing sustainable communities basically involves ‘people power ‘ but communities require educating in order to develop the cognition, values and accomplishments required for informed decision-making that will better quality of life now without damaging the environment in the hereafter. Achieving sustainable life is a journey of indefinite continuance but with a clearly defined finish. It is a journey taken both by persons and by communities at the same time to the benefit of all. The foundation of sustainable communities is the development of sustainability literacy within communities which involves an apprehension of the present instability between ingestion and regeneration of indispensable natural resources – energy, H2O and nutrient. It is slightly dry and humbling to witness that the autochthonal communities of the universe have been far more sustainability literate over the last two centuries than the alleged modern communities over the last two decenn aries. Sustainable communities are resilient communities which have changed life-style behaviour and wonts which depend on inordinate consumerism to those which embrace waste decrease, reuse and recycle schemes all of which harmonize life criterions with environmental demands. These alterations take clip to implement but ensue in community societal wellbeing, strong economic systems and booming environments, the benefits of which become obvious to all. Sustainable communities vary tremendously with regard to size and character but traditionally form two groups – urban and rural. In the yesteryear, it has been much more hard to prolong rural communities due mostly to the one-way migration from state to town/city to obtain employment. However, this tendency can be at least partly reversed with the wider execution of ‘eco-development ‘ which has been responsible for the alleged ‘new urbanism ‘ doctrine but is merely merely going evident in rural and regional Centre substructure planning. Eco-development is based on a clean, green life doctrine which incorporates ingestion of renewable energies, preservation of H2O and life off the land utilizing smart ways to turn nutrient. Sustainable literacy merely becomes effectual when communities understand and appreciate that sustainable life non merely gives rise to better, healthier life styles but besides is cost effectual both in the short and long footings. B y virtuousness of their sustainable life styles, sustainable communities are resilient to the effects of clime alteration and are good suited to profit from future carbon-based economic systems.Education for sustainable energy suppliesProlonging humanity in the twenty-first century requires prolonging energy resources and supplies which creates the quandary which has become known as the planetary energy crisis. Coal, oil and natural gas combined provide about 80 % of planetary energy demands chiefly in the signifier of electricity and conveyance fuels but at the same clip bring forth the majority of nursery gas emanations which are believed to be responsible for planetary heating. It is estimated that planetary energy demand could leap by 50 % by 2030, consistent with a planetary population addition of 1.5 billion over the following two decennaries and this translates to a planetary heating estimation of the order of 6oC if fossil fuels continue to be the primary energy resource. An addition of 6oC corresponds to about 3 times the planetary heating which has occurred over the last century and would hold ruinous environmental, economic and societal effects. It is this type of horror scenario which is driving the alleged ‘global energy revolution ‘ which dictates that there has to be a move off from fossil fuels as the primary energy resource towards the usage of clean green renewable energy resources. These are having increasing attending but all have important technological, development, economic and ethical jobs associated with them. The quandary is that at present, all known renewable energy resources combined including atomic, solar, air current and biofuels account for less than 10 % of planetary energy demands and although considerable technological progresss are happening with regard to the commercial development of renewable energy resources, this state of affairs is improbable to alter significantly within the following decennary. Similarl y, attempts to cut down nursery gas emanations from bing coal-burning power Stationss, jointly known as ‘clean coal engineering ‘ , are at least 10 -15 old ages off from commercial world. It is cautiously estimated that fossil fuels will stay as the primary planetary energy resource for at least the following 30 – 50 old ages and that phasing out of bing coal-burning power Stationss will take at least 10 – 15 old ages. Therefore, the energy crisis is basically how are sustainable energy supplies to be provided entirely from renewable energy resources over the following half century? Although, it is by and large agreed that the passage to renewable energy resources is inevitable, the clip graduated table for such a passage is really ill-defined since there are non merely major technological jobs to be overcome but besides major societal and economic issues to be addressed along the manner which involve important educational schemes to be one-sidedly implemented. Given that it is already copiously clear that we live by an ‘energy economic system ‘ it is improbable that the excess costs associated with suspension of nursery gas emanations from fossil fuel burning coupled with the costs of developing options to fossil fuels will be readily accepted by communities, given that the present escalating costs of electricity and conveyance fuels are a beginning of desperation globally. Then there are ethical issues to be resolved in the passage to clean energy resources. It has been extensively argued that atomic power is the lone realistic option to coal and oil as a primary energy resource but the general population is really concerned about the grade of fail-safe operation of atomic power Stationss and is really concerned about safe disposal of atomic waste. Similarly, biofuels which rely on nutrient harvests such as maize merchandises as the primary energy resource are viing with the despairing demand to increase grain production globally to turn to malnutrition in some 23 % of the planetary population. It is clear that the planetary energy revolution will merely win if feasible instruction schemes are introduced and available to the general population which address the widespread deficiency of apprehension of clime alteration and, in peculiar, its causes and besides address the pros and cons of renewable energy resources. The immediate hereafter has to affect a blend of old and new energy coevals engineerings coupled with a widespread acknowledgment that energy has to be conserved and non wasted. It is practical instruction plans which will advance this ethic at all degrees within communities.Education for sustainable H2O suppliesSustainable life besides means holding entree to sustainable H2O supplies. At present, it is estimated that some 15 % of the planetary population do non hold entree to safe H2O and the bulk of these are in developing states. It is well-known that many of the life threatening diseases, so common in the underdeveloped universe, are spread by imbibing contami nated H2O. Further, it is estimated that agricultural irrigation consumes some 65 % of planetary fresh water supplies and already many states and parts are sing H2O scarceness at dismaying degrees due to drawn-out periods of drouth. Droughts are predicted to go more drawn-out as a consequence of the effects of clime alteration and so demand for fresh water will necessarily lift – predicted to be by some 30 % over the following two decennaries and therefore it is clear that pressing schemes are necessary to educate communities to utilize less H2O more expeditiously. Unfortunately, addition in fresh water usage is driven by legion factors which are hard to measure and command. These factors include population addition and distribution, life styles, economic systems and, most peculiarly, by increasing demands for nutrient which drives additions in irrigated agribusiness. There is besides a political factor which influences freshwater use in that many of the universe ‘s major fresh water resources are shared since major rivers frequently flow through several states. For illustration, the Danube passes through 12 states that use its H2O and the Nile flows through 9 states which are wholly dependent on its Waterss. Agreement between states that portion freshwater resources can be hard to accomplish and prolong but are by and large associated with demands for more effectual H2O use and rigorous direction plans. Since fresh water is such a valuable resource, H2O pricing is a extremely combative issue at all degrees – domestic, industrial and agricultural. Agribusiness is linked straight to nutrient production and hence husbandmans believe that they have the right to sufficient H2O to bring forth sufficient harvests to supply a sustainable income for themselves and their households. Some authoritiess nevertheless believe that such H2O rights should be controlled by licence in position of the scarceness of the trade good and this explains the struggle that is apparent between primary manufacturers and H2O licensing governments. It is inevitable that sustainable agribusiness depends on a major decrease in H2O used for irrigation by progressive usage of drip-irrigation engineering in concurrence with installing of improved drainage and recycling systems. Besides, during the alleged ‘Green Revolution ‘ of the sixtiess, new strains of many species of harvests resulted in big add itions in productiveness and this engineering is now focused on strains of grain harvests which require less irrigation. At the industrial degree and as a major portion of ‘industrial greening ‘ schemes, industry is following H2O recycling enterprises which may include partial intervention of waste H2O. These enterprises are complementary to the energy ingestion decrease schemes and are consistent with the ‘3R ‘s ‘ of clean, green industry – reuse, recycle, cut down. At the domestic degree, a ‘user wages ‘ system is normally applied to H2O ingestion and during periods of drouth, limitations are placed on H2O use which are enforced by H2O direction governments. It is going progressively evident that due to the intensifying cost of H2O, communities and persons are going more cognizant of the demand for H2O preservation and are taking appropriate stairss to originate the ‘3R ‘ regulation both separately and jointly. These enterprises include the installing of H2O armored combat vehicles in places to roll up rain H2O and the recycling of non-sewage waste H2O for external usage. No longer can it be taken for granted that the right to H2O agencies merely turning a pat on.Education for sustainable nutrient suppliesFood security, in concurrence with sustainable energy and H2O supplies, are the indispensable constituents of prolonging humanity. At present, nutrient security is non a world since at least 15 % of the planetary population is ill-fed and with a projected billowing population addition, it is a dashing challenge to cut down universe hungriness, particularly since this is straight linked with poorness and exacerbated by planetary heating. The Green Revolution, which partly achieved nutrient security over the period 1960 to mid-1980, was the morning of ‘intensive agribusiness ‘ which has resulted in serious environmental jobs. Widespread deep tilling of land together with inordinate usage of fertilisers and pesticides coupled with intensive irrigation has caused debasement of dirt quality and texture in add-on to dry land salt. The extra menace of clime alteration will necessarily further endanger the accomplishment of nutrient security in coming decennaries unless pressing stairss are taken now to travel towards sustainable agribusiness. Science, engineering and invention are indispensable drivers of sustainable agribusiness and therefore nutrient security. Improved mechanisation of agribusiness utilizing efficient reaping machines which cut down dirt compression are already increasing productiveness and usage of geographical placement system ( GPS ) engineering to supervise and command the place of such machinery enables exactly measured sums of seed, fertiliser and pesticides in add-on to the finding of dirt and works quality, which enables early sensing of diseases. Further, development of improved harvest assortments and marker assisted works genteelness combine to cut down losingss due to plagues and diseases. These biotechnologies lead to strains which are tolerant of drouth, heat and saline conditions in add-on to improved plague and disease opposition. Further, trickle irrigation coupled with micro-nutrient add-on is going progressively effectual in increasing production of staple harvests such as sweet murph y. In the quest to happen alternate, clean, green energy resources, bio-fuels have come into prominence. Biofuels are presently produced from amylum, sugar cane, wheat, corn and palm oil. Biofuel production is presently slightly controversial since the needed natural stuff is derived from land that should be used for nutrient production. In add-on, sugar cane and palm oil plantations contribute to deforestation of tropical rain woods. ‘Second coevals ‘ biofuels are presently being investigated which use harvest residues, grasses and willows as base stuffs and these have much promise as future commercial biofuels and are free of the nutrient related contentions. The last decennary has seen monolithic development of marine resources in the quest to accomplish nutrient security. The application of modern engineering to commercialisation of angling operations has led to a planetary overfishing crisis such that sustainable piscaries thresholds have been exceeded. Many of the coastal commercial piscaries have collapsed as a consequence of worsening gimmicks and the planetary industry is confronting farther menaces from saltwater warming and increasing acidification caused by clime alteration. Therefore, the seafood industry is non sustainable. The solution involves reaping methods that gaining control fish selectively and within specified bounds so as to let regeneration. However, such schemes are hard to implement on an international graduated table. Aquaculture is going progressively of import in turn toing the challenge of nutrient security. Entire fish gaining control in 2010 amounted to some 145 million metric tons of which aquaculture contributed 54 million metric tons – stand foring an addition of some 20 million metric tons compared to a decennary ago. Aquaculture meets at least three aims: provides seafood and hence income for coastal communities, reduces angling force per unit area on wild populations and maintains fish supply to prolong commercial, subsistence and recreational demands. Aquaculture can be sustainable provided that quality saltwater, reliable supplies of seed and feed-stocks are available together with application of schemes to guarantee disease free hatcheries and grow-out systems. The following coevals of aquaculture may affect debut of genetically modified beings ( GMOs ) . GMO ‘s have already been introduced into agribusiness and genetically modified harvest strains have been shown to giv e higher outputs with lower fertiliser support. The transgenic animate being merchandises are controversial and early efforts to market GMO salmon have faced stiff opposition. However, the potency for GMOs to be a force in battling nutrient deficits is important and can non be overlooked. Food security is clearly based on a combination of sustainable agribusiness, sustainable piscaries and sustainable aquaculture together with a paradigm displacement in the extent to which natural nutrient resources are exploited. Basically, more nutrient has to be produced with less energy, less H2O, less chemicals and by methods which allow environmental regeneration.Education in sustainability scientific discipline and engineeringSustainability scientific discipline is the scientific discipline associated with sustainable natural resource direction upon which the sustainability of humanity depends. The chemical scientific disciplines have a polar function in sustainability scientific discipline since atmospheric, fresh water and marine chemical science and dirt chemical science are of major importance in understanding pollution, and sourness and salt in the environment and overall wellness of the environment. In fact, ‘green chemical science ‘ is a driving force of envi ronmental sustainability. With its linkages to the biological scientific disciplines, economic sciences, environmental jurisprudence and political relations, green chemical science is a new manner to develop and use chemical procedures and processs that produce ‘chemicals ‘ which are benign to the environment and economically competitory. Aquatic chemical science plays a polar function in the finding of H2O quality of rivers, lakes and seas – a cardinal factor in the sustainability of aquatic nutrient production. It besides explains why rives and seas are increasing in sourness and the eventful effects on aquatic life, peculiarly fish. Soil chemical science is of huge significance in understanding how soil quality can be improved within an intensive agribusiness government and in understanding the causes and redresss for dry-land salt. Another constituent of sustainability scientific discipline is the ‘so-called ‘ clime scientific discipline, which is focused on an apprehension of the planetary clime and besides on the causes and effects of planetary heating. There is widespread belief that ‘technology ‘ can work out the major universe jobs such as hungriness, energy and fresh water lacks and, more late – clime alteration. This is merely partly true since it takes clip and invention to commercialize appropriate engineering to turn to specific jobs and technological innovation is an germinating procedure. It has already been shown that biotechnology is playing a critical function in the suspension of hungriness and many engineerings are being trialed and tested in the pursuit for clean energy resources. However, in footings of prolonging the environment and hence humanity in the twenty-first century, many types of engineerings are required which address basically the debasement of the environment caused by human intercession. For illustration, C gaining control and storage engineering, which is being developed to cut down nursery gas emanations from coal-burning power Stationss, may be successful but the economic costs o f gaining control, concentration, transit and storage of these gases has to be considered in the context of keeping costs of power coevals near to or at present degrees so that consumers are non faced with intensifying power measures. Further, the effects of long-run storage of nursery gases in deep Wellss are non known. It seems logical to recycle the captured nursery gases to bring forth utile chemicals instead than bury them. Similarly, GMO ‘s are of great significance in hiking agricultural end products without the inordinate usage of fertilisers and pesticides. However, there is much community resistance to their usage in footings of the effects thereof on human wellness and this is peculiarly the instance with genetically modified animate beings. It is clear than that sustainable scientific discipline and engineering are doing major parts to prolonging humanity and will make so in the hereafter but are non replacements for cardinal parts made by persons and communities to prolonging the environment.Education on clime alterationClimate alteration is likely one of the most contested modern-day issues. The pro-lobbyists argue that the scientific facts back uping clime alteration are incontrovertible and that back uping grounds is abundant. The opposing groups and sceptics argue that clime alteration is non a new phenomenon and that the scientific grounds is inconclusive and equivocal. It is clear that an apprehension of clime alteration requires some cognition of several scientific disciplines and understanding how to extenuate it needs to acknowledge the societal, political and economic facets. The latter have come into prominence late with the failure of the latest universe acme on clime alteration held in Copenhagen in 2009, neglecting to come up with an in agreement scheme to cut down nursery gas emanations really significantly within the following decennary. The failure to make understanding was in portion due to the developed states being unwilling to subsidise developing states in attempts to extenuate clime alteration and the ‘big three ‘ – USA, China and India one time once more non holding to subscribe any understanding to take the universe in doing the biggest cuts to greenhouse gas emanations within the following decennary. There is besides a widespread perceptual experience that engineering will repair the job of clime alteration but this is a psychotic belief. It is true that engineering is already being applied to turn to the most powerful job of nursery gas emanation – those associated with the production of electricity by the burning of natural coal. Clean coal engineering is already a major industry non merely with regard to carbon dioxide gaining control and storage ( CCS ) but besides with regard to development of clean, green, renewable energy resources. With regard to CCS, there are major jobs with the scheme of gaining control, concentration and ultimate dumping and it is by no agencies certain that this engineering will salvage coal-burning power Stationss from forced death. By contrast, immense developments are being made with regard to solar energy coevals, peculiarly with regard to the production of cheap solar cells and electricity storage capacity of batteries. Wind energy coeval s is besides going commercially feasible but has considerable public resistance since the monolithic generators are visually unattractive and are often located on premier cultivable land. It has already been discussed that engineering is being applied to stabilise H2O supplies even though these are farther threatened by the effects of clime alteration. Technology is besides developing more efficient irrigation systems and biotechnology is developing strains of nutrient harvests that require less H2O and can thrive in saline dirt conditions. However, it is clear that engineering entirely can non be relied upon to extenuate the effects of clime alteration. It has already been shown that prolonging humanity in the twenty-first century is wholly dependent on prolonging the environment which can merely be achieved by ‘people power ‘ both at the community and single degrees. Climate alteration is traveling to do this challenge even more ambitious and therefore the demand to conserve energy, H2O and nutrient, upon which humanity so clearly depends, is even more pressing. Equally pressing is the demand for wide-ranging instruction plans which guide communities and persons to follow eco-friendly life styles to prolong the environment. In decision, this overview has shown that prolonging humanity in both the short and long footings can merely be achieved by prolonging the environment which in bend agencies prolonging the primary resources, energy, H2O and nutrient, on which human life depends. Prolonging the environment is a supreme challenge since a battalion of complex synergistic secret agents are involved which demand single and community attending. Climate alteration introduces an extra dimension to this challenge and besides increases the urgency to traveling towards environmental sustainability. Complacency is non an option, nor is trust on engineering to work out this crisis. It is lone persons and communities working together in concurrence with engineering that moves toward environmental sustainability will be evident. Unfortunately, the journey towards environmental sustainability is of unsure continuance and can non make its finish within one coevals.

BHE 314 Mod 4 SLP Environmental Health and Safety Essay

BHE 314 Mod 4 SLP Environmental Health and Safety - Essay Example In the result, bacteria, parasites, and different germs are mixed with beach water, which results in different illnesses. Individuals with diarrhea and vomiting problems are one of the major causes of water contamination. Secondly, it is noted that irregular bowel movements of children are also a major cause of contamination of beach waters. (WHO, 2003) Another main factor that contributes to beach water contamination is sewage water that mixes in the beach water and results in millions of bacteria in the water. Feces and urine are some of the components of human waste that consist in sewage water. Although the United States has effective sewage treatment plans; however, network of pipes often malfunctions and results in the leakage of such contaminated water in recreational waters and beaches. Studies have indicated that a waterborne protozoan, Cryptosporidium parvum emerges in after contaminated sewage-water mixes in beach waters. Even after much advancement in innovative scientific methods, it is very difficult to eliminate the emergence of abovementioned protozoan from water, which causes a number of waterborne diseases. In the year 2000, existence of abovementioned bacterium affected hundreds of U.S. residents that visited recreational water beaches. In the month of July 2001, the same bacterium affected more than fifty-two people that were exposed with the same protozoan at a recreational beach. (WHO, 2003) Every year, hundreds of complaints are registered regarding the waterborne illnesses that are caused after visiting recreational water facilities in different parts of the country, and therefore, it is important that effective steps should be taken to eliminate the factors that cause such contamination. Experts have indicated that humans are exposed with contaminated water in recreational beaches through different routes. During swimming, swimmers accidentally drink contaminated water that

Explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise Research Paper

Explaining a recent innovation in your area of interest or expertise - Research Paper Example This is a process that has taken to task doctors and scientists worldwide. One of the major setbacks to this work was inadequate finances. Though this is and has been a global problem, states were not able to come together to pool resources so as to support the noble work that the scientists set out to do. It turned out that only few countries provided the financial support to this project, while others showed no interests in the on-going work, yet they too are affected by the virus. The accomplishment was nonetheless realized thanks to the support of the non-governmental organizations and other well-wishers (Grady, 1995). Another great challenge is the fact that the HIV virus replicates very fast, and once it attacks a CD4+ T cell, it quickly makes very many copies of itself. These copies infect other immune cells. Since it makes many copies of itself, it overwhelms the body’s immunity hence weakening the body. This is worsened by the fact that as the replication takes place, there is DNA sequence change that results into different strands of the virus. The vaccine developed should be able to help prevent all these strands. Unlike many other viruses that attack the human body, the primary target of the HIV virus is the immune system, particularly the CD4+ cells. The virus destroys these cells hence making it difficult for the body to protect itself from other infections, even subsequent HIV infections. The vaccine developed therefore has to work to strengthen the system so that the invading virus does not weaken the body, but is able to prepare it to fight off the virus, at the same time leaving the body strong. There are already in existence big companies that manufacture anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs), the drugs currently used to contain the deadly virus. These companies are already making billions in this business and would therefore want to keep making money. An attempt to come up with vaccines is a threat to their business

Parent Involvement for the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Parent Involvement for the 21st Century - Essay Example Apart of providing good and properly designed education, all of the schools highly recommend the involvement of parents in their child’s education process. In the 21st century where education is a necessary and sufficient condition to be successful, parents who integrate education from homes and involves in their child’s education play positive parts in making their child or children successful. Particularly in early childhood period, children want to be guided by someone elder except their instructors and want their assistance in making different decisions. Hence parent’s involvement in child’s education process not only helps in their child’s academic life but is also considered of vital importance later in their lives and in the development of their personalities. Parent’s Guidance and Monitoring Parent’s involvement in their child’s academic life has always been appreciated. Since early childhood and early academics, childre n feel more confident and assured that they are being supported by their guardians in every activity. Parent’s support not only helps in improving child’s grades but also develop positive aspects in their personalities. It is also useful when the child gets diverted from studies and indulge in other activities which are not suitable for his/her academic career. The parents may forcefully revert the child towards education by providing proper guidance and handling him/her correctly. Educationists are of the view that parent’s guidance in academics and their frequent meetings with the instructor about the child’s betterment are extremely necessary and useful for their child’s own benefit. The child came to know that all of his/her activities are monitored and discussed; so he/she tries to be as good as possible. In this way the particular child remains unique from those who are not supported and provided with parent’s guidance. Issues regardin g 21st century Although this century came along with as many beneficial technologies as one can think of, which have made the lives easier and comfortable; yet the machine maker himself has become a machine. Yes, indeed, the humans who invented all these hi-tech gadgets present themselves as a working machine too, with very less emotions and feelings. It is an unfortunate fact that the parents of 21st century do not pay any attention to their children as they can’t find time for their kids. No doubt that going to work and earning is also an essential element of life, but still, the children are suffering as the parents are not providing them with their guidance in academics and in other modes of life. Now a days there has been an issue of single parents with which many countries are suffering. It is very challenging and very hard for such parents to manage simultaneously their families and their jobs. They must have to earn in order to keep the standard of life and to keep an y kind of financial burdens away from their children. On the other hand, such children who have single parents to live with are found to less confident and less involved in their academics since their parents cannot contribute a piece of time for them. Research indicates that even if very little time, say up to 15 minutes, are given to a child by his/her parents in which the constructive and positive conversation takes place about the activities and academics of the child, then it would

Article Abstract 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Abstract 8 - Essay Example The empirical analysis is carried out on a racial basis. The conclusion of the research is that race has no significance whatsoever where the price of a rookie baseball card is concerned. This conclusion was reached after lack of evidence of customer discrimination on racial basis for the blacks or Hispanics research subjects (Gabriel, Curtis and Timothy 228). The estimation of the results of the research analysis has been well broken down and articulated well. This is especially so after the results being differentiated for the hitter and pitchers and the composite indexes of the prices well indicated. The estimated results also differentiate between the card price of Hispanics and that of the blacks in the descriptive statistics. The researchers did not clearly explain the sample size, population or even the sampling technique used in this particular research. The other thing that should have been present but lacked in this research is more literature review. The researchers only dwelt on literature by one group of researchers and hence making the research not

Philosophy of law ( movie review ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy of law ( movie review ) - Essay Example These were the main areas that they did not want to thrive amidst the Jews in Germany. The Jewish synagogues were burnt to ashes and their children were expelled from school. Only the native religion and culture was to be upheld. The acts of the Nazis apparently relied on the philosophy of nationalism. Nationalism demands that a nation protects its interests and sovereignty with all means possible. Any intruding civilization is treated with inferiority and cruelty. In the case of â€Å"Night of Broken Glass†, nationalism had been exaggerated by its proponents. It was expansionist nationalism, marked with a radical military aggression towards the Jews. Nazism may be justified on the basis of sovereignty and prevention of culture distortion. Whereas the government and the Nazis were strongly supporting nationalism philosophy, a large faction of the natives seemed quite hesitant to act against the Jews. It may be said that these people were buying into communism; a classless form socialization that enhances unity. Communism, other than preserving unity, protects human dignity and rights, including

Helping Behaviour And Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Helping Behaviour And Human Rights - Essay Example In a study of social science students, they were reported to have strong "just world" beliefs, and that these values were directly impacting on their motivations to help elderly persons with socio-economic and health care needs (Maclean & Chown, 1988). A cross-cultural study using British and Canadian participants, it was found that they tended to dismiss the needs and expectations of elderly clients as a ay to better service the greater need of the community. The proposed study aims to provide a qualitative perspective of helping professional attitudes among undergraduate psychology students in the UK. Using a focus group, the primary investigator aims to extend current understandings of the beliefs, values and attitudes of helping profession students who will be interacting with the elderly in their future careers. Eight undergraduate psychology students from the University of will be recruited using snowball sampling (i.e., by word of mouth). The sample will be stratified across gender and ethnicity to reflect the diversity present in the wider population of psychology students. Informed consent will be obtained to enable participation. No incentives will be given for participation. A tape recorder, with spare batteries and notepaper and pens will be required by the prima

John Deere Time line Essay Example for Free

John Deere Time line Essay Deere married his first wife, Demarius Lamb, in January 1827. The newlyweds perceived to have 5 children, Francis Albert, Jeanette, Ellen, Francis Alma and Charles. Demariuss past away and Deere married Lucinda Lamb, in June 1867. They had four children together Emma, Hiram, Alice and Mary. John Deere was an Illinois blacksmith from the Midwest and inventor. John Deere realized the wood and cast iron plow invention currently being used was weak and not working to its full ability. 1837- John Deere invents the first steel plow in his shop located in grand detour, IL. This let the pioneer farmers cut cleaner and faster furrows through the Midwest’s sticky prairie soils. 1838- John Deere evolved into John Deere, manufacturer co. 1842- John Deere business added retailing, taking orders for the patent Cary Plow. 1843- Deere and Leonard Andrus become co-partners in the art and trade of blacksmithing, plow-making and all things thereto†¦ 1848- The growing plow business moves to Moline, Illinois, 75 miles southwest of Grand Detour. Moline offers water power and transportation advantages. Deere chooses a new partner, Robert N. Tate, who moves to Moline and raises the rafters on their three-story blacksmith shop by July 28. 1849 A work force of about 16 builds 2,136 plows. 1852 Deere buys out his partners. For the next 16 years, the company is known variously as John Deere, John Deere Company, Deere Company, and Moline Plow Manufactory. 1853 Sixteen-year old Charles, Deeres only living son, joins the firm as a bookkeeper following graduation from a Chicago commercial college. 1858 The business totters during a nationwide financial panic. Maneuverings to avoid bankruptcy shuffle ownership and managerial arrangements. John Deere remains president, but power passes to 21-year-old Charles Deere. He will run the company for the next 49 years. 1863 The company makes the Hawkeye Riding Cultivator, the first Deere implement adapted for riding. 1864 John Deere obtains the companys first actual patent for moulds used in casting steel plows. Another follows in a few months and a third the next year. 1867 Charles Deere sues Candee, Swan Co., a competitor, for trademark infringement. The case has precedent-setting implications for trademark law. Could Deere preempt the word Moline which it has been using in its advertising, so that no similar product could incorporate it? The ultimate answer is no. The Walking Cultivator is patented in August 1867. Although farmers might prefer riding, the lower cost of this unit makes it sell even though the man has to walk in soft ground while straddling a row of corn. 1868 After 31 years as a partnership or single proprietorship, the concern is incorporated under the name Deere Company. There are four shareholders at first, six within a year. Charles and John Deere control 65 percent of the stock. 1869 Charles Deere and Alvah Mansur establish the first branch house, Deere, Mansur Co., in Kansas City. A semi-independent distributor of Deere products within a certain geographic area, it is the forerunner of the companys current farm and industrial-equipment sales branches and sales regions.

Advantages Of Marketing Over The Internet Marketing Essay

Advantages Of Marketing Over The Internet Marketing Essay Today, the Internet appears to be a powerful weapon, especially for businesses in the area of promotion.  This process of operation of Internet marketing is through the promotion and sales of company products using the Internet as the main instrument. The internet marketing offer many benefits for the art of sales marketing and media to a wider audience.  This method is one of the best ways to promote a product and has a direct response to customers. Anyone can be advertising the company directly from internet but it is not the solution for all the companies. To the struggle to achieve their business, some people guess if their plans are correct and whether it meets their expectations.  The internet marketing can put out the largest companies, on the other hand not all the companies have the right strategy and the money for a proper advertised. Although some companies because they want to take economic opportunities for the promotion of their products, they use other kinds of marketing such as magazine or newspaper, television and Radio.  This is because they focus on the disadvantages of the internet and not the benefits.  So they lose the opportunities that offered by the internet marketing.  But with the proper information and the right administration companies can benefit sufficiently from the internet and they can have the right investment. The advantages that someone can think about internet marketing are many.  S ince the internet marketing is so widely available to all companies around the world, can acquire millions of customers with a few mouse clicks them.  However, like any advertising, except that there are some advantages and disadvantages of each internet. Companies should consider both sides to know if the view would be correct.  They have to weighing their options and have the right kind of consumers they need to achieve, would surely find that the advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages. Advantages of Internet Marketing   Another of the benefits can be achieved by promoting a website is the cheapest and most flexible advertising. Great advantage is that the cost of electronic mail it is cheaper and can compare prices.  Except that it is faster and easier it will be more accessible depending on customer needs.  Because it is cheaper this will make buyers to repeat their purchase, so the proceeds will be many more.  Thanks to internet marketing can be extended to overnight.  The Internet marketing is much more different from print advertising and will be accessible for longer time.  If you want to change something from the ads will not need to put someone else do it for you.  Of course this will not stop other types of advertising, but gives the buyer the opportunity to see the difference between potential customers and an l employer.  We also dont have to pay employees for the store because this job will take it Internet.  However, another benefit is that we dont need to get tired at al l to receive their product, they just have to stay in their couch and it will come straight on to their house. Also in time needed for a phone call or to go straight to the shop you can send at the same  time thousands of electronic email without mail.   One of the advantages of internet marketing is that you can expand the market and that the store can be open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Internet is in all geographical boundaries and is accessible whenever you want any of it can access to it.  So, your customers are from around the world and they can be able to access the Internet, and can shop anytime they want. Although there is no holiday days or close hours.  There will no longer stop in time to market.  With internet marketing will be able to find easily what they want, and are in categories so they can found it just with a keyword. Compared to other forms of advertising such as television, radio and magazines can be reached very  faster around the world.     The comfort of customers is still an advantage for business.  A convenient person for investigation of product will seek, would go by car to buy or learn information about the product .With the ease of internet it will become much easier since can go directly from the couch to make purchases and he can also learn information about the product.   Visitors can get information about the product to buy but also they can see comments from other buyers.  So depending on the interests will be chosen internet market since it can visit the website whenever he likes without having to enter the process or the Move stress and the problems from the outside world.  It is also much more convenient for people with disabilities.   A website serves as an excellent place to refer potential investors to show them what your company is about, what has been achieved and what can be achieved in the future.  There is an opportunity to develop company and much improved reliability.   An advertisement from internet is giving potential customers are ready and why you deserve their trust.  In fact, many buyers use the Internet for research before the purchase so they can decide for themselves whether a particular supplier or brand is worthy of sponsorship, and it will not take a walk.  With the ease of the internet marketing is a point of reference and that touch of individualized customer service can ultimately add value to the supply and customer trust in a higher level of satisfaction.   When implementing a successful marketing program in the Web, online e-trailers need to understand that this method is a process of development to promote a company using online media.  . This new marketing method does not only mean creating a website or a promotion, because behind this Web site is a real organization that has a clearly defined set of objectives. The strategies of internet marketing include all aspects of online advertising products, services and websites, including market research, email marketing and direct sales.   One of the major benefits associated with this online marketing process, is able to gather a large amount of information.  Online consumers can access the Internet and in products and purchase them at any time of day.  Companies using online marketing can also save money.   In summary, this new form of Web Marketing helps businesses expand just be a local market, national or international level, and much faster.  So the internet marketing compared with other types of traditional media is better.  Hard aspects to deal for online marketers. With veterans of trade, the most difficult part of running an online marketing campaign is to find a team for the company. Although by creating a list, you have a target group  who gave you permission to market, since it also allows you to develop a relationship with them as you can provide the necessary information, and also suggest what products more useful and better for them.   To get customers and generating sales then it would be better if you could also enter the popular world of social internet sites. Many businesses online today are now switching to web sites. Sites like Face book,  Bebo and MySpace seem to play a major role in the market, and these areas in future, would certainly be the main destinations for online shoppers.  While traditional marketing methods can make to achieve a common target market. Offers opportunities to create marketing on the Internet which has grown to be the most popular means of marketing, many companies today use search engine optimization and other techniques  to get quickly in touch with remote users.   The Internet offers companies an inexpensive but effective way to reach new customers.  Not only are they able to reach new customers, but is also able to interact with them.  In this way they are able to better understand the needs, wants and even the purchasing habits of customers.   Benefits of Internet marketing are many, however;  this does not mean that every company should purchase goods and services on the Internet.  Believed to be given to the target market and products and services sold.  The target market you may search the Internet for goods and services, or you will have more chances to get a telephone directory, for example. Of course there are the costs involved in Internet marketing and can be very different.  For each firm embarking on such a course would say that one of the most important factors is that you get great service from your Web Designer and Internet Marketing company, otherwise you could find yourself facing a web site that is outdated and inaccurate  and this will cause more harm. http://www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif

A Study of the Trans-Texas Corridor and How it Affects Texans Essay exa

A Study of the Trans-Texas Corridor and How it Affects Texans   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everything is bigger in Texas. That’s what a lot of Texans what Americans and people around the world to know – you don’t mess with Texas. In the 1950’s, when President Eisenhower created the first Interstate plan for the country and implemented new roads in almost every single state, it was the largest engineering feat in the modern world. Now, almost half a century later, Governor Rick Perry is set to break that record, with the costliest, largest, and most incredible-sized proportion Texas Trans-Corridor, dubbed the â€Å"Texas Superhighway,† a 4000 mile, $175 billion dollar project that won’t be completely functional for another fifty years (Perry). This project certainly has proponents and opposition. But first, we must understand what the Texas Trans-Corridor’s purpose is in the state of Texas, and how it would affect the rest of the country as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Governor Rick Perry came into office as George W. Bush’s successor in 2000. Immediately, he laid down his plans for the future of Texas, without having the say of most of Texas’s constituents, since he was appointed based on Bush’s presidency. Perry’s grand vision is nothing short of incredible, even to the opponent’s eyes. At a quarter-mile wide, the Texas Superhighways that will probably soon cross Texas will be the largest transportation commodity in the free world (Stall). Perry’s idea doesn’t just answer problems for congestion on highways – it answers problems for congested railroads in major cities such as San Antonio and Dallas, and it also develops one of the newest concepts to the Texas way of life, high speed rail, which has only dared to compete in the Northeast â€Å"corridor† of the United States. Perry also wants to develop a utility zone next to the highway, which will enable electricit y lines, pipelines, fiber optics, even water pipelines toward any city that is connected to the corridor. (Perry)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perry’s vision is supposed to answer one specific problem that almost all Texans do know about: How do we curb congestion on the most congested freeway with trucks and vehicular traffic in the United States? I-35, notorious for its bottlenecks between Austin and San Antonio, is part of the NAFTA Superhighway system. I-35 extends all the way to Michigan down to Laredo in South Texas (Associated Press – KBTX). When the NAFTA ... ... on how they drive around this massive state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Palkot, Stephen. "Perry promotes corridor project." The Herald -Coaster 25 Mar. 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Osbourne, James. "Trans Texas Corridor in planning stage until 2006." The Monitor 24   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mar. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Perry, Rick. Texas Department of Transportation. I-69 / Trans-Texas Corridor Study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2004. 14 Apr. 2005 . Perry, Rick. Texas Department of Transportation. Trans-Texas Corridor. 2004. 14 Apr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2005 . "What's at stake: Slow down the Trans-Texas Superhighway: Let's LookBefore We   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leap!" Online posting. Texas Action Network. 14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . "Texas Superhighway?" KBTX. 14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Stall, Linda. CorridorWatch.org - Challenging the Wisdom of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trans-Texas Corridor.. 09 Apr. 2005. 14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . Booth, Cathy , and Thomas Hutto. "The Next Wave in Superhighways, or A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Big, Fat Texas Boondoggle?" Time 06 Dec. 2004. 14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,832224,00.html Texas Legislature Online. State of Texas. 14 Apr. 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.capitol.state.tx.us Slotboom, Eric. Home Page. 17 July 2001. 03 May 2005   

The Life of Jesus Christ Essay -- Biography, world history, christiani

Jesus’ life was told through the writings and tales of his apostles which are found in the New Testament in the Bible. His ideas were unconventional during the Jewish religious establishment. There is little knowledge of Jesus’ life from infancy until the age of thirty and the mystery in the years before Jesus taught, between the ages of twelve and thirty years old. Jesus publicly ministered for approximately three years before he was killed by his own people (the priests) mainly because he was ruining their business. Everything was written from other observations of many people after his death, all saying they saw Jesus. Jesus’ ideas were spread by his apostles and disciples in the Mediterranean and Europe and centuries after his death, Jesus’ teachings have developed throughout the world today. Jesus was taken to Jerusalem after every custom feast and once he reached the age of twelve he was left in Jerusalem (Charles Caldwell Ryrie, 1976). The roots of the worship of Jesus Christ (‘Jesus the Messiah’) as the ‘Son of God’ were preached by these disciples. (Eermans, 1982). During the first few decades of Christianity, it was a sect within Judaism which was considered the "independent religion". Two elements of Christianity’s doctrine essential to the Jewish people, Jesus is the messiah, or anointed king, who is spoken of in Jewish prophetic writings. Second, the message of Jesus is the kingdom of God. Keeping with Jewish apocalyptic notions of the messiah, early Christians expected that the kingdom would be established by cataclysmic events (Charles Caldwell Ryrie, 1976). Jesus and his twelve apostles traveled from place to place teaching and healing. When the Sanhedrin heard of the teachings of Jesus being ... ...ss citizens in the city of Jerusalem. His main theme, the coming of the kingdom of God, obviously carried a destructive tone. The message of the coming kingdom of God opposed the way business was carried out by Roman colonists and aristocracies in Jerusalem. Many scholars propose that the Romans’ Pilate involved himself in the execution of Jesus because Romans were misled by Jews to see Jesus as a bad person. However, one can see that it was what Jesus stood for that got him crucified. The business in Jerusalem was for the Romans, and Jesus was not pleased with it, so there is no doubt that Romans did not like Jesus. And if one takes this fragment to be true that â€Å"It is better to have one man die for the people than to have the whole nation destroyed," (John 11:50) one can believe that Jews handed Jesus over to Romans so that they might be spared from destruction.

Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs Essay -- CF Electricity Light Bulb Ess

Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs Many of you probably did not realize that you could spend twenty dollars for a light bulb, and most of you are wondering why you would. The answer will surprise you: to save money. Before you decide that I have completely lost my mind, hear me out. The light bulb that I am referring to is a compact fluorescent light bulb, commonly called a CF. This is a self‑contained fluorescent light that fits into standard 120‑volt light fixtures. When compared with incandescent bulbs, CFs use only 25 to 30 percent of the energy and will last up to ten times longer. Even though they cost more, from eight to twenty‑five dollars each, the CFs you install in your home will not only pay for themselves but save you a substantial amount of money as well. To understand how these lights can save money we need to look at the way they work. CFs consist of glass tubes whose inner walls are coated with a material that fluoresces when an electrical current is applied. Incandescent lights contain a filament that is heated by an electric current to the point that it glows; but the majority of energy put into the bulb produces heat, not light. The CF is more efficient at turning electrical energy into light than the incandescent bulb, and electricity costs money. Locally, Public Service charges around 6.1 cents per kilowatt‑ hour. Table I shows a comparison of three compact fluorescent bulbs with incandescent bulbs of similar light output, all made by the Philips Lighting Company. The life of the CFs is 10,000 hours, so this is the time period we will use. The two columns in Table 1 that are important are Light Output and Money Saved. Light output is a measure of the light a bulb p... ...venience, or environmental concerns, by making informed choices you will not even be aware that you have a different kind of light bulb in your home. Start slowly, maybe with just one or two bulbs, to make sure they fit and that the light output and color work for you. Be reasonable with your expectations; your utility bill fluctuates from month to month, so you may not even notice a decrease of one or two dollars. Just remember that the savings really are there. Finally, do not think about the price of the CF; think instead of the money you will save by using the bulb. Notes 1. All CF bulb data from National Lighting Product Information Program, Lighting Research Center, School of Architecture, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 5 June 2001 . 2. â€Å"Compact Fluorescents Come of Age,† Consumer Reports, Jan. 1999: 37.

Motivational Essay

Motivational Essay What is â€Å"Motivation†? Motivation means the desire to do something, or having interest or drive. People need motivation to do things that they have no interest or drive to do. For me as an example, I need motivation to get up early every morning, to go to school, or even going to the gym. I used to have problems doing things because I never had any motivation to do anything, No friends to be there when I needed them. They we’re always busy.So I had to figure out something. I searched many ways to bring my life to order, Some of them worked in the short run, but nothing truly fulfilled the requirement of life peace. A few months ago this all began to change. I started a daily workout schedule; I have been going to the gym 4 to 5 times a week , I’ve been going for almost a year. I started a healthy diet, I don’t eat out as much as I used to. I used to eat McDonald’s, Burger king , Carl’s Jr. very day . Now all my food is home cooked, and I quit smoking cigarettes because I have asthma and also did it, to better my health, and to this day it has brought stability to my personal life as well as my social life . I also decided to change up my studying habits in which it helped me motivate myself. Developing better study habits will help me with my course of study because it will better prepare me for any assignments or exams that are given in the future.In the past, and even sometimes now I have had a frequent problem of procrastination, and because of this I lack both rest and preparation to either finish my homework or do well on my tests. Beginning either my studies or assignments early on will help me drastically because dividing the workload within several days will help me retain information more effectively, as compared to all in one night. In conclusion of it all, I figured out my balance to life. I overcame my motivational barrier and prove to everyone that only I can, (as my own personal sour ce) be the only one to change my life up and change for the better.

Congressional Earmarks

In fiscal year 2008, there were 11,524 earmarks totaling $16,501,833,000 for appropriations accounts. A Congressional earmark is a provision that directs funds to be spent on specific projects. Congressional earmarks should be banned and the unused money should be returned to the citizens. The largest Disadvantage of congressional earmarks that I can see is the amount of money they use. An earmark on an Alaskan highway bill was for a bridge, that took money from hurricane reconstruction. This bridge would have cost $320 million. As federal taxpayers would you like to pay $320 million, by way of three separate earmarks? These three earmarks where added to the highway bill in 2005. These earmarks managed to take almost $223 million from a reconstruction project for a bridge in Louisiana. According to the 2010 copy of the Congressional Pig Book , it showed almost 9,200 earmarks totaling $16. 5 billion dollars. Even though that is a 10. % decline from 2009, the fact that we are trillions of dollars in debt and we are using the money to fund projects like the Monroe County Farmer’s Market in Kentucky and The second largest disadvantage that I can see from the use of earmarks is the humiliation and disgrace they can bring. The bridge above that is mentioned took money for hurricane reconstruction. This project is a humiliation to the people of Alaska and the U. S. Congress some people say. Some people view the bridge as an object of national ridicule and a symbol of the fiscal irresponsibility of many in Congress toward the money entrusted to them by the taxpayers. In response to this national humiliation, many in Alaska have vented their anger in the state's newspapers, and the papers' editors have also objected to the bridge on their editorial pages. According to http://www. heritage. org â€Å"David Raskin of Homer, Alaska, wrote, â€Å"Alaskans owe an apology to the people of New Orleans, to Alaska Native people and to the Nation for their selfish shortsightedness in sending these scoundrels to Washington and voting to keep them there. â€Å"†

Regime Type and its Influences on Growth Essay

During the last period of the 20th century, the world has observed the so called â€Å"Asian Miracle†, the phenomenon refers to Asian countries that achieved a very high growth rate that western countries have never experience before. Interestingly, one common thing these Asia countries have in common are the experience of a certain level of dictatorship. For example, China’s economy during 1960-1980 was heavily centralized and the private sector was not allowed to exist. Singapore gained their independence in 1945 and started to develop with the leading role of government. Japan, Malaysia, Korea, and Vietnam experienced the same level of dictatorship when they started to open their market and turn into market economies. The idea behind this phenomenon is because the government can quickly decide what industry to investment in and the large investment help these industries to acquire economics of scale quickly. The government takes the leading role as the distributor of resources instead of the market as in Western countries. My study aims at examine the relationship between the level of dictatorship and the growth rate. Literature Review That good governance is necessary for economic development was until recently the conventional wisdom. In 2002, for example, a USAID study asserted that â€Å"without good governance, it is impossible to foster development†. Lately, however, this paradigm has begun to lose ground. Robert Zoellick, president of the World Bank, argued in an October 2010 speech that development practitioners should embrace â€Å"differentiated policy approaches† noting that â€Å"what may safeguard (development) in one context my strangle in another†. The leaders of the G20 nations in November endorsed a â€Å"Seoul Consensus† that â€Å"there is no one size fits all formula for development success and that developing countries must take the lead in designing and implementing development strategies tailored to their individual need and circumstances†. The topic of whether democracy and autocracy is more appropriate for growth has received a lot of attention lately. This paper will examine five papers as examples of the current state of knowledge. Wilkin (2011) provides several definitions of good governance that he use in his paper. The World Bank defines governance is the process and institutions through which  decisions are made and authority in a country is exercised. Wilkin uses the governance metric offered by the Worldwide Governance Indicators Project. The indicators are grouped into six categories that are a useful guide to the dimensions of governance quality as it is generally conceived: (1) voice and accountability (2) political stability and absence of violent, (3) government effectiveness, (4) regulatory quality, (5) rule of law and (6) control of corruption. According to this metric, Wilkin point out that China continues to perform poorly on most of these indicators, ranking near or below the 50th percentile of countries assessed, while nonetheless achieving one of the fastest income growth rates of any country in the world. The reason that oligarchies in these countries can be beneficial to development is that they produce consistent policy choices. There are many developing countries that have achieved brief spurts of rapid per capita income growth – in fact, Wilkin specifies that, more than 130 countries have experienced annual per capita income growth of 6% or more for five or more of the years between 1950 and 2007. The challenge is not to achieve growth of 6% or more for a few years, which is unremarkable, but to do so for decades. This produces exponential rates of development, doubling the population’s average income roughly every 12 years. To attain this kind of consistency, oligarchy or authoritarian governance is useful and highly effective. Rodan and Jayasuriya (2009) focus their paper on the transition process and how capitalism developed in several Asian countries. They compare several regimes types across Southeast Asia and how the transition affect economic performance. The authors argue that a transition in Singapore from â€Å"competitive authoritarianism† to a more genuinely competitive political system requires a transformation in the political economy that suppresses bases for independent political organization. Meanwhile, political parties in post-authoritarian regimes in Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia do not operate quite as their counterparts historically have in earlier industrializing countries – not simply because of deficient institutions but because of the structural constraints on labor, social justice groups and other actors in civil society. Chin-en Wu (2012) raise the question of â€Å"whether democracy or autocracy is better for economic performance?† By incorporating both institutional  factors and structural incentives into his model, he find that the relative strength of political regimes in steering economic development is conditional on structural factors, which exert greater influence in autocracies than in democracies. For instance, when confronting external challenges, increasing national wealth becomes the most effective way for authoritarian leaders to reduce survival risk. Development provides incumbent governments with sufficient financial resources, which can finance the states apparatuses, including the bureaucracy and coercive forces such as the military and police. Failure to cope with external threats could result in seceding territories and damaging domestic support, both increasing the probability of losing power. Given the unfavorable structural condition, i.e., low levels of external threats of abundant resources wealth, dictators have weak incentives to implement growth-supporting policies. In a democracies, by contrast, the presences of democratic institutions induces political leaders to deliver public goods and partially substitute the role of structural factors. Conversely, where structural factors are conducive to growth, democracies do not necessarily outperform autocracies and may even grow at a slower rate because the flaw that are inherent in this system. Folch (2007) wrote a paper about the potential punishment under dictatorship. This paper explores whether the probability of being punished after losing power leads dictator to restrain their level of predation and, thus, increase economic growth. Holding dictators accountable is a difficulty problem, but under certain circumstances it might well improve their policy choices. Folch prove that dictators’ post tenure fate plays a key role in determining their level of graft and, hence, their economic performance. The logic Folch provide is quite simple, if dictators expect that after losing or giving up power they will be able to enjoy their booty in pleasant exile or in their own countries, their level of rent-extraction will be higher and this will lead growth rate to shrink. On the contrary, if the probability of being punished is high enough, dictators will constrain their greed and economic performance will improve. To confirm his theory, the author employ a simple model of predatory rule, and the consequences of increasing probability of punishment after losing power is explored. The  probability of punishment is proven to have a positive and significant effect on the rate of growth of GDP and alternative specification of growth regressions. Pitlik’s paper (2008) put an emphasis on the impact of growth performance on economic policy liberalization. He rejects the benefit of authoritarian regimes. In his paper, he investigates empirically the interaction between economic growth performance and political institutions in producing free-market reform. Using the data of up to 120 countries over the period of 1970-2004, Pitlik shows that political regime types systematically shape government policy responses to economic growth performance. In line with several other contributions, the author finds that democratic rule is favorable for reform in general. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he argues Economic policy reform is a conflict-ridden political process. Policies beneficial for society as a whole are often not implemented due to a fierce opposition from politically powerful prospective losers from reforms. In this respect, it is often claimed that a very poor economic performance can help overcome resistance to economic policy liberalization. Furthermore, political authorities not constrained by democratic checks and balances are often supposed to be more decisive and thus expected to carry out market-friendly policy change in times of crises more easily. Later, Pitlik concludes that there is no need for autocratic rule to implement economic policy reform in times of crises. Democracies not only carry out more liberal economic policies in general, but they are also more responsive to economic growth crises. Barro (1996) did a throughout research on determinate of growth in his paper. First variable he analyzed is the convergence of economies. He pointed out that, based on the neoclassical growth model developed by Ramsey (1928), Solow (1956), Swan (1956), Cass (1965) the lower the starting level of real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) the higher is the predicted growth rate. That is, if all economies were intrinsically the same, except for their starting capital intensities, then convergence could apply in an absolute sense; in other words, poor countries would tend to grow faster per capita than rich ones. However, if economies differ in various respects –  including propensities to save and have children, willingness to work, access to technologies, and government policies- then the convergence force applies only in a conditional sense. He conclude that, the growth rate should be higher if the starting per capita GDP is low in relation to is long-run or steady-state p osition; that is, if an economy begins far below its own target positon. He gives an example of a poor country that also has a low steady-state position – possibly because its public policies are harmful or its saving rate is low- would not tend to grow rapidly. Barro also made a very important contribution in analyzing the interplay between economic and political development. He shares the same idea with Friedman (1962) that the two â€Å"political freedom and economic freedom are mutually reinforcing†. Though, he stressed on the growth retarding aspects of democracy: The tendency to enact rich-to-poor redistributions of income. Authoritarian regimes may partially avoid these drawbacks of democracy. Moreover, nothing in principle prevents non-democratic governments from maintaining economic freedom and private property rights. A dictator does not have to engage in central planning, he said. Some examples of autocracies that have expanded economic freedoms include the Pinochet government of Chile, the Fujimore administration in Peru, the Shah’s regime in Iran and several current governments in East Asia. Schwarz (1992) observed that most OECD countries began their modern economic development in system with limited political rights and became full-fledged representative democracies only much later. Barro concludes that an increase in political rights tends to enhance growth and investment because the benefit from limitations on governmental power is the key matter. But in places that have already achieved a moderate amount of democracy, a further increase in political rights impairs growth and investment because the dominant effect comes from the intensified concern with income redistribution. Lipset (1959)’s paper focuses on the relationship between propensity and democracy. He apparently prefers to view it as the Aristotle hypothesis: â€Å"From Aristotle down to the present, men have argued that only in a wealthy society in which relatively few citizens lived in real poverty could a situation exist in which the mass of the population could intelligently participate in politics and could develop the self-restraint necessary to  avoid succumbing to the appeals of irresponsible demagogues†. Lipset emphasized increased education and an enlarged middle class as elements that expand â€Å"receptivity to democratic political tolerance norms†. Therefore, he conclude that for a country to maintain democracy regime, it is necessary to attain a certain level of education and prosperity. Otherwise, forcing democracy without its prerequisite would lead to reduction in growth rate and political instability. Cheibub (1998) also studies the relationship between political regimes and particular aspect of economic performance. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether regime type, classified as democracy or dictatorship, has a causal impact on the extractive capacity of government, as measured by the level of taxes it collects. The findings reported in his paper are unambiguous: there are no grounds for believing that democracies are less capable of collecting taxes than dictatorships. Although taxes are higher in democracies than in dictatorship, we should not infer that this is due to any inherent feature of democratic regimes. Once we control for the conditions that make us observe countries as one regime type or the other, and conjure up counterfactuals in which countries experiences conditions that are identical in every respect except for their political regime, we observe that the difference in level of taxes between the two regimes disappears. It is not that the two regimes do not matter for taxation. Even though taxation under democracies and dictatorships is influenced by broadly similar factors, there are also notable differences from one regime to the other. Per capita income, however, affects taxation only in democracies, whereas the pressure of servicing foreign debts only affects the level of taxes in dictatorships. Therefore, although there are factors that influence differently the level of taxes collected by the government in each regime, regime type does not affect the overall level of taxation. Democracies are not any less capable than dictatorship of extracting taxes from society.